Safety
Where AAR (Alliance) couplers are fitted, the type "F" coupler is preferred as these are less likely to become separated in a derailment and become a puncture hazard for other tank cars. The type "F" coupler has shelves over and under the coupler that prevent the coupler sliding out of position after a derailment.
In addition, some types of tank cars have a second end plate visible from the exterior, to further avoid end punctures.
It is also preferable if each tap (valve) is recessed within the body of the tank so as to present a reduced knock-off hazard during a derailment.
Read more about this topic: Tank Car
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—Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924)