Takeshita, sometimes romanized as Takishita, is a Japanese surname. People with the name include:
- Keiko Takeshita (born 1953), Japanese actress
- Lt. Col. Masahiko Takeshita, head of the domestic affairs section of the Military Affairs Bureau of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II
- Noboru Takeshita (1924–2000), 74th Prime Minister of Japan
- Rena Takeshita (born 1981), Japanese fashion model / actress
- Yoshie Takeshita (born 1978), Japanese volleyball player
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