The surface wave magnitude () scale is one of the magnitude scales used in seismology to describe the size of an earthquake. It is based on measurements in Rayleigh surface waves that travel primarily along the uppermost layers of the earth. It is currently used in People's Republic of China as a national standard (GB 17740-1999) for categorising earthquakes.
Surface wave magnitude was initially developed in 1950s by the same researchers who developed the local magnitude scale ML in order to improve resolution on larger earthquakes:
The successful development of the local-magnitude scale encouraged Gutenberg and Richter to develop magnitude scales based on teleseismic observations of earthquakes. Two scales were developed, one based on surface waves, and one on body waves, mb.
Surface waves with a period near 20 s generally produce the largest amplitudes on a standard long-period seismograph, and so the amplitude of these waves is used to determine, using an equation similar to that used for .
— William L. Ellsworth, The San Andreas Fault System, California (USGS Professional Paper 1515), 1990-1991
Recorded magnitudes of earthquakes during that time, commonly attributed to Richter, could be either or .
Read more about Surface Wave Magnitude: Definition, Other Studies, See Also
Famous quotes containing the words surface, wave and/or magnitude:
“Brave men are all vertebrates; they have their softness on the surface and their toughness in the middle.”
—Gilbert Keith Chesterton (1874–1936)
““Speaking of contraries, see how the brook
In that white wave runs counter to itself.
It is from that in water we were from
Long, long before we were from any creature.”
—Robert Frost (1874–1963)
“Although a man may lose a sense of his own importance when he is a mere unit among a busy throng, all utterly regardless of him, it by no means follows that he can dispossess himself, with equal facility, of a very strong sense of the importance and magnitude of his cares.”
—Charles Dickens (1812–1870)