Student's t-test
A t-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow a normal distribution if the value of a scaling term in the test statistic were known. When the scaling term is unknown and is replaced by an estimate based on the data, the test statistic (under certain conditions) follows a Student's t distribution.
Read more about Student's t-test: History, Uses, Assumptions, Unpaired and Paired Two-sample t-tests, Calculations, Worked Examples, Alternatives To The t-test For Location Problems, Multivariate Testing, Software Implementations
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—Sir William Osler (1849–1919)