Starostin (Russian: Ста́ростин) is a Russian surname that may refer to:
- Sergei Anatolyevich Starostin (1953-2005), Russian linguistics researcher
- Georgiy Starostin (born 1976), his son, linguistics researcher and music critic
- Sergey Nikolaevich Starostin, Russian folk and jazz musician
- The Starostin brothers, Soviet/Russian football (soccer) players
- Nikolai Starostin (1902-1996)
- Aleksandr Starostin (1903-1981)
- Andrey Starostin (1906-1987)
- Pyotr Starostin (1909-1993)
- Anatoli Starostin, a Soviet/Russian modern pentathlete and Olympic champion.
- Mikhail Starostin, a member of Russian national speedway team