Secret Cities
During the Cold War the Soviet Union created at least ten closed cities, known as Atomgrads, in which nuclear weapons-related research and development took place. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, all of the cities changed their names (most of the original code-names were simply the oblast and a number). All are still legally "closed", though some have parts of them accessible to foreign visitors with special permits (Sarov, Snezhinsk, and Zheleznogorsk).
| Cold War name | Current name | Established | Primary function(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arzamas-16 | Sarov | 1946 | Weapons design and research, warhead assembly |
| Sverdlovsk-44 | Novouralsk | 1946 | Uranium enrichment |
| Chelyabinsk-40 and later 65 | Ozyorsk | 1947 | Plutonium production, component manufacturing |
| Sverdlovsk-45 | Lesnoy | 1947 | Uranium enrichment, warhead assembly |
| Tomsk-7 | Seversk | 1949 | Uranium enrichment, component manufacturing |
| Krasnoyarsk-26 | Zheleznogorsk | 1950 | Plutonium production |
| Zlatoust-36 | Tryokhgorny | 1952 | Warhead assembly |
| Penza-19 | Zarechny | 1955 | Warhead assembly |
| Krasnoyarsk-45 | Zelenogorsk | 1956 | Uranium enrichment |
| Chelyabinsk-70 | Snezhinsk | 1957 | Weapons design and research |
Read more about this topic: Soviet Atomic Bomb Project
Famous quotes containing the words secret and/or cities:
“The secret anniversaries of the heart.”
—Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807–1882)
“... in the cities there are thousands of rolling stones like me. We are all alike; we have no ties, we know nobody, we own nothing. When one of us dies, they scarcely know where to bury him.... We have no house, no place, no people of our own. We live in the streets, in the parks, in the theatres. We sit in restaurants and concert halls and look about at the hundreds of our own kind and shudder.”
—Willa Cather (1873–1947)