SME may stand for:
- Small and medium enterprises, a synonym for Small and Medium-sized Business(es) (SMB)
- Subject matter expert, a work role description
- Standard-Model Extension, general framework for studying the violation of Lorentz and CPT symmetry in field theory
- Structure mapping engine, analogy-based AI technology by Ken Forbus based on Dedre Gentner's structure-mapping theory
- Social market economy, an economic model used in Europe / West Germany
- Soy methyl ester, biodiesel created from soybean oil
- Sevomethyl ether, USP Sevoflurane Related Compound B
- SME Server, a Linux firewall/server distribution
- Socialist market economy, an economic system of the People's Republic of China
- SME (newspaper), Slovak daily newspapers
- SME Limited, a British maker of audio pick-up arms (tonearms) and turntables
- Society of Manufacturing Engineers, a professional membership organization for engineers
- Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, a professional society for engineers, geologists, metallurgists, educators, students and researchers. SME advances the worldwide minerals community through information exchange and professional development
- Sony Music Entertainment, a record label
- S.M. Entertainment, a Korean record label
- Spontaneous Music Ensemble
- Sloppy Meateaters, a former band from Rome, Georgia, United States
- Solar Mesosphere Explorer, a NASA artificial satellite in orbit 1981–89
- Method engineering#Situational method engineering
- SIGNAL Meta under Eclipse, an EMF-based metamodel of the SIGNAL programming language
- SME & Entrepreneurship Magazine, a regional business publication circulated in South East Asia