Sino-Japanese Vocabulary - Examples

Examples

Notes:

  • Middle Chinese, Pinyin, Go-on, Kan-on: See above.
  • Middle Chinese reconstruction is according to William H. Baxter. His phonetic notation is used, along with IPA when different. Syllables are tone 1 unless otherwise indicated. See An Etymological Dictionary of Common Chinese Characters for more info.
Character Meaning Middle Chinese Pinyin Go-on Kan-on
一 one ʔjit yī ichi < *iti itsu < *itu
二 two nyijH /ɲij³/ èr < */ʐr/ < */ʐi/ ni ji < *zi
三 three sam sān san
四 four sijH /sij³/ sì shi < *si
五 five nguX /ŋu²/ wǔ go
六 six ljuwk liù roku riku
七 seven tshit /tsʰit/ qī shichi < *siti shitsu < *situ
八 eight pɛt bā hachi < *pati hatsu < *patu
九 nine kjuwX /kjuw²/ jiǔ ku kyū < *kiu
十 ten dzyip /dʑip/ shí jū < *zipu shū < *sipu
北 north pok běi hoku < *poku
西 west sej xī ?? sei
東 east tuwng /tuwŋ/ dōng tsu < *tu tō < *tou
京 capital kjæng /kjæŋ/ jīng kyō < *kyau kei
人 person nyin /ɲin/ rén nin jin < *zin
日 sun nyit /ɲit/ rì nichi < *niti; ni ?? jitsu < *zitu
本 base, origin pwonX /pwon²/ běn ?? hon < *pon
上 up dzyangX /dʑaŋ²/, dzyangH /dʑaŋ³/ shàng jō < *zyau shō < *syau
下 down hæX /ɦæ²,ɣæ²/, hæH /ɦæ³,ɣæ³/ xià ge ka

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