Single-wire Earth Return
Single wire earth return (SWER) or single wire ground return is a single-wire transmission line for supplying single-phase electrical power from an electrical grid to remote areas at low cost. Its distinguishing feature is that the earth (or sometimes a body of water) is used as the return path for the current, to avoid the need for a second wire (or neutral wire) to act as a return path. It is principally used for rural electrification, but also finds use for larger isolated loads such as water pumps, and light rail. Single wire earth return is also used for HVDC over submarine power cables.
Read more about Single-wire Earth Return: Description, Mechanical Design, History, Networks and Circuits, Regulatory Issues, Rural Electrification in Alaska, Use By Developing Nations, Use For HVDC Systems
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—Edward D. Wood, Jr. (1922–1978)
“I shall return in the dark and be seen,
Be led to my own room by well-intentioned hands,
Placed in a box with a lid whose underside is dark
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—John Ashbery (b. 1927)