Typical Operations and Applications
The goals of signal processing can roughly be divided into the following categories.
- Signal acquisition and reconstruction, which involves measuring a physical signal, storing it, and possibly later rebuilding the original signal or an approximation thereof. For digital systems, this typically includes sampling and quantization.
- Quality improvement, such as noise reduction, image enhancement, and echo cancellation.
- Signal compression, including audio compression, image compression, and video compression.
- Feature extraction, such as image understanding and speech recognition.
In communication systems, signal processing may occur at OSI layer 1, the Physical Layer (modulation, equalization, multiplexing, etc.) in the seven layer OSI model, as well as at OSI layer 6, the Presentation Layer (source coding, including analog-to-digital conversion and data compression).
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