Schoenberg (German: beautiful mountain) is a surname. Notable persons with that surname include:
- Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951), Austrian-American composer
- Claude-Michel Schoenberg (born 1944), French record producer, actor, singer, popular songwriter, and musical theatre composer
- Erica Schoenberg (born 1978), American poker player
- Gertrud Schoenberg (1898–1967)
- Isaac Jacob Schoenberg (1903–1990), Romanian mathematician
- Mario Schoenberg (1914–1990), Brazilian physicist
- Michael Schoenberg (1939–2008), American geophysicist