Scheffer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Ary Scheffer, early 19th century French painter
- David Scheffer, former United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues
- Emmanuel Scheffer, former manager of the Israel national football team
- François Scheffer, Luxembourgian politician who served multiple terms as Mayor of Luxembourg City
- Frank Scheffer, a Dutch cinematographer
- Guus Scheffer, Dutch competitor in weightlifting at the 1924 Summer Olympics - Men's 67.5 kg
- Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, former Secretary General of NATO
- Johan Scheffer, sitting member of the Victorian Legislative Council
- Ryan Scheffer, NHRA and D1 engine builder
- Victor Blanchard Scheffer, American mammologist
- Will Scheffer, openly gay American playwright
- Zeca Scheffer, Brazilian big wave surfer and water rescue specialist
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