Belgium
Belgium was the last colonial power in Rwanda, and the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR) was initially mostly composed of Belgian soldiers, until they were withdrawn. The Belgian General Information and Security Service knew of the genocidal intentions of the Habyarimana regime.
The colonialism of Belgium played a role in the beginning of the genocide. It was Belgium who decided on the separation of the Tutsi and Hutu. Belgians introduced ID cards and distributed them between the two tribes. When the Belgian rule had ended most of the land and power were in the minority hands of the Tutsi, where Hutu was in the positions of forced labor.
After the attack of April 6, 1994, the Radio des milles collines spread the rumor that Belgian soldiers from United Nations Mission for Assistance in Rwanda were the source. The Rwandan presidential guard captured and assassinated prime minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana and her husband, as well as the ten Belgian soldiers assigned to protect them. This dramatic episode drove Belgium into a depressive consternation which entailed Belgium's disengagement from UNAMIR. As to justify its decision, Belgium carried the UN along with a spiralling number of countries who were leaving UNAMIR. An informer, known as "Jean-Pierre" by General Dallaire, had revealed to Dallaire that the people behind the genocide were counting on the fact that western nations couldn't tolerate their own casualties without pulling out of the mission.
Starting with April 7, Belgium demanded an extension from the UN of UNAMIR's mandate in order to evacuate the 1,520 Belgian residents, but not to protect the threatened Rwandans. Rwandan authorities refused to allow an intervention from Belgium, suspected to be the origin of the attack, preferring instead a French intervention. One can read from the report from the Belgian Senate the intentions of the Belgian ambassador from 12 April 1996: "We are preoccupied above all with the personnel who have worked for us, of certain people associated with the process of democratization, with clergymen." The report follows: "Finally, operation 'Silver Back' began on 10 April and will be completed on April 15, when the last Belgian civilians will have left Rwanda."
After the genocide, Belgium, traumatized, started a parliamentary reflection. The Belgian senate instituted a "Commission d'enquête parlementaire" (English: Parliamentary Inquiry Commission) which inquired and composed a parliamentary report.
April 6, 2000, Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt attended the ceremony commemorating the sixth anniversary of the genocide in Kigali. He took the occasion to make apologies after six years and to 'take on the responsibility of my country,' according to what we have learnt afterwords 'in the name of my country and of my people, I beg your pardon'" - Extract from chapter 15.52 of the report from the UN
Read more about this topic: Role Of The International Community In The Rwandan Genocide