Politics
- Robert Taylor (congressman) (1763–1845), U.S. Representative from Virginia
- Robert Taylor (Labour politician) (1881–1954), British Member of Parliament for Morpeth, 1935–1954
- Robert Taylor (Conservative politician) (1932–1981), Conservative MP for Croydon North West, South London, 1970–1981
- Robert Taylor (Wisconsin), Wisconsin politician
- Robert Love Taylor (1850–1912), U.S. politician from Tennessee
- Robert Love Taylor (judge) (1899–1987), U.S. federal judge from Tennessee
- R. Fenwick Taylor (1849–1926), Florida Chief Justice
- Robert Paris Taylor, Member of Parliament for Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1768–1774
- Robert Arthur Taylor, Member of Parliament for Lincoln, 1924–1931
- Bob Taylor (Ontario politician), mayor of Brantford, 1988–1991
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