Aqueous Reference Electrodes
Common reference electrodes and potential with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode:
- Standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) (E=0.000 V) activity of H+=1
- Normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) (E ≈ 0.000 V)concentration H+=1
- Reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) (E=0.000 V - 0.0591*pH)
- Saturated calomel electrode (SCE) (E=+0.244 V saturated)
- Copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode(CSE) (E=+0.314 V)
- Silver chloride electrode (E=+0.197 V saturated)
- pH-electrode (in case of pH buffered solutions, see buffer solution)
- Palladium-hydrogen electrode
- Dynamic hydrogen electrode (DHE)
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Standard Hydrogen Electrode
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Cu-Cu(II) reference electrode
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Ag-AgCl reference electrode
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