Multiple Reading Frames
The usage of multiple reading frames leads to the possibility of overlapping genes; there may be many of these in virus, prokaryote, and mitochondrial genomes. Some viruses, e.g. Hepatitis B virus and BYDV, use several overlapping genes in different reading frames.
In rare cases, a translating ribosome may shift from one frame to another, a translational frameshift. This is distinct from a frameshift mutation, as the nucleotide sequence (DNA or RNA) is not altered—only the frame in which it is read.
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Famous quotes containing the words multiple, reading and/or frames:
“Creativity seems to emerge from multiple experiences, coupled with a well-supported development of personal resources, including a sense of freedom to venture beyond the known.”
—Loris Malaguzzi (20th century)
“After which you led me to water
And bade me drink, which I did, owing to your kindness.
You would not let me out for two days and three nights,
Bringing me books bound in wild thyme and scented wild grasses
As if reading had any interest for me ...”
—John Ashbery (b. 1927)
“In frames as large as rooms that face all ways
And block the ends of streets with giant loaves,
Screen graves with custard, cover slums with praise
Of motor-oil and cuts of salmon, shine
Perpetually these sharply-pictured groves
Of how life should be.”
—Philip Larkin (1922–1986)