Promoter Elements
- Core promoter - the minimal portion of the promoter required to properly initiate transcription
- Includes Transcription Start Site (TSS) and elements directly upstream
- A binding site for RNA polymerase
- RNA polymerase I: transcribes genes encoding ribosomal RNA
- RNA polymerase II: transcribes genes encoding messenger RNA and certain small nuclear RNAs
- RNA polymerase III: transcribes genes encoding tRNAs and other small RNAs
- General transcription factor binding sites, e.g. TATA box
- Proximal promoter - the proximal sequence upstream of the gene that tends to contain primary regulatory elements
- Approximately 250 base pairs upstream of the start site
- Specific transcription factor binding sites
- Distal promoter - the distal sequence upstream of the gene that may contain additional regulatory elements, often with a weaker influence than the proximal promoter
- Anything further upstream (but not an enhancer or other regulatory region whose influence is positional/orientation independent)
- Specific transcription factor binding sites
Read more about this topic: Promoter (genetics)
Famous quotes containing the words promoter and/or elements:
“What every artist should try to prevent is the car, in which is our civilized life, plunging over the side of the precipice—the exhibitionist extremist promoter driving the whole bag of tricks into a nihilistic nothingness or zero.”
—Wyndham Lewis (1882–1957)
“There surely is a being who presides over the universe; and who, with infinite wisdom and power, has reduced the jarring elements into just order and proportion. Let speculative reasoners dispute, how far this beneficent being extends his care, and whether he prolongs our existence beyond the grave, in order to bestow on virtue its just reward, and render it fully triumphant.”
—David Hume (1711–1776)