Phosphorus Halide - Oxidation State +5 (PX5)

Oxidation State +5 (PX5)

Chemical formula CAS number Melting point Boiling point P–Xax bond length P–Xeq bond length Xeq–P–Xeq bond angle Xax–P–Xeq bond angle
PF5 -93.7°C -84.5°C 153 pm 158 pm 120° 90°
PCl5 167°C 160°C 202 pm 214 pm 120° 90°
PBr5 ~106°C d
PBr7
PI5 See Note 1.

In the gas phase the phosphorus pentahalides have trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry as explained by VSEPR theory.

Phosphorus pentafluoride is a relatively inert gas, notable as a mild Lewis acid and a fluoride ion acceptor. It is a fluxional molecule in which the axial (ax) and equatorial (eq) fluorine atoms interchange positions by the Berry pseudorotation mechanism.

Phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus pentabromide, and phosphorus heptabromide are ionic in the solid and liquid states; PCl5 is formulated as PCl4+PCl6–, but in contrast, PBr5 is formulated as PBr4+ Br−, and PBr7 is formulated as PBr4+ Br3-. They are widely used as chlorinating and brominating agents in organic chemistry.

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