Production
Permanganates can be produced by oxidation of manganese compounds such as manganese chloride or manganese sulfate by strong oxidizing agents, for instance, sodium hypochlorite or lead dioxide:
- 2 MnCl2 + 5 NaClO + 6 NaOH → 2 NaMnO4 + 9 NaCl+ 3 H2O
- 2 MnSO4 + 5 PbO2+ 3 H2SO4 → 2 HMnO4 + 5 PbSO4 + 2 H2O
It may also be produced by the dismutation of manganates, with manganese dioxide as a side-product:
- 3 Na2MnO4 + 2 H2O → 2 NaMnO4 + MnO2 + 4 NaOH
They are produced commercially by electrolysis or air oxidation of alkaline solutions of manganate salts (MnO4-2).
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