Parthian may be:
A demonym "of Parthia", a region of north-eastern Iran
- Parthian language, a now-extinct Middle Iranian language
- Parthian shot, an archery skill famously employed by Parthian horsemen
- Parthian Empire (247 BC - 224 AD), an Iranian empire ruled by Iranian Parthians
Parthian may also refer to:
- Indo-Parthian Kingdoms
- Parthian class submarine
- Seven Parthian clans