General Biochemistry Concepts
- Major categories of bio-compounds:
- Carbohydrates : sugar -- disaccharide -- polysaccharide -- starch -- glycogen
- Lipids : fatty acid -- fats -- essential oils -- oils -- waxes -- cholesterol
- Nucleic acids : DNA -- RNA -- mRNA -- tRNA -- rRNA -- codon -- adenosine -- cytosine -- guanine -- thymine -- uracil
- Proteins :
- amino acid -- glycine -- arginine -- lysine
- peptide -- primary structure -- secondary structure -- tertiary structure -- conformation -- protein folding
- Chemical properties:
- molecular bond -- covalent bond -- ionic bond -- hydrogen bond -- ester -- ethyl
- molecular charge -- hydrophilic -- hydrophobic -- polar
- pH -- acid -- alkaline -- base
- oxidation -- reduction -- hydrolysis
- Structural compounds:
- In cells: flagellin -- peptidoglycan -- myelin -- actin -- myosin
- In animals: chitin -- keratin -- collagen -- silk
- In plants: cellulose -- lignin -- cell wall
- Enzymes and enzyme activity:
- enzyme kinetics -- enzyme inhibition
- proteolysis -- ubiquitin -- proteasome
- kinase -- dehydrogenase
- Membranes : fluid mosaic model -- diffusion -- osmosis
- phospholipids -- glycolipid -- glycocalyx -- antigen -- isoprene
- ion channel -- proton pump -- electron transport -- ion gradient -- antiporter -- symporter -- quinone -- riboflavin
- Energy pathways :
- pigments : chlorophyll -- carotenoids -- xanthophyll -- cytochrome -- phycobilin -- bacteriorhodopsin -- hemoglobin -- myoglobin -- absorption spectrum -- action spectrum -- fluorescence
- Photosynthesis : light reaction -- dark reaction
- Fermentation : Acetyl-CoA -- lactic acid
- Cellular respiration : Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) -- NADH -- pyruvate -- oxalate -- citrate
- Chemosynthesis
- Regulation
- hormones : auxin
- signal transduction -- growth factor -- transcription factor -- protein kinase -- SH3 domain
- Malfunctions : tumor -- oncogene -- tumor suppressor gene
- Receptors : Integrin -- transmembrane receptor -- ion channel
- Techniques : electrophoresis -- chromatography -- mass spectrometry -- x-ray diffraction -- Southern blot -- fractionation -- Gram stain -- Surface Plasmon Resonance -- Microscale Thermophoresis
Read more about this topic: Outline Of Biochemistry
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