Outline of Biochemistry - General Biochemistry Concepts

General Biochemistry Concepts

  • Major categories of bio-compounds:
    • Carbohydrates : sugar -- disaccharide -- polysaccharide -- starch -- glycogen
    • Lipids : fatty acid -- fats -- essential oils -- oils -- waxes -- cholesterol
    • Nucleic acids : DNA -- RNA -- mRNA -- tRNA -- rRNA -- codon -- adenosine -- cytosine -- guanine -- thymine -- uracil
    • Proteins :
      • amino acid -- glycine -- arginine -- lysine
      • peptide -- primary structure -- secondary structure -- tertiary structure -- conformation -- protein folding
  • Chemical properties:
    • molecular bond -- covalent bond -- ionic bond -- hydrogen bond -- ester -- ethyl
    • molecular charge -- hydrophilic -- hydrophobic -- polar
    • pH -- acid -- alkaline -- base
    • oxidation -- reduction -- hydrolysis
  • Structural compounds:
    • In cells: flagellin -- peptidoglycan -- myelin -- actin -- myosin
    • In animals: chitin -- keratin -- collagen -- silk
    • In plants: cellulose -- lignin -- cell wall
  • Enzymes and enzyme activity:
    • enzyme kinetics -- enzyme inhibition
    • proteolysis -- ubiquitin -- proteasome
    • kinase -- dehydrogenase
  • Membranes : fluid mosaic model -- diffusion -- osmosis
    • phospholipids -- glycolipid -- glycocalyx -- antigen -- isoprene
    • ion channel -- proton pump -- electron transport -- ion gradient -- antiporter -- symporter -- quinone -- riboflavin
  • Energy pathways :
    • pigments : chlorophyll -- carotenoids -- xanthophyll -- cytochrome -- phycobilin -- bacteriorhodopsin -- hemoglobin -- myoglobin -- absorption spectrum -- action spectrum -- fluorescence
    • Photosynthesis : light reaction -- dark reaction
    • Fermentation : Acetyl-CoA -- lactic acid
    • Cellular respiration : Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) -- NADH -- pyruvate -- oxalate -- citrate
    • Chemosynthesis
  • Regulation
    • hormones : auxin
    • signal transduction -- growth factor -- transcription factor -- protein kinase -- SH3 domain
    • Malfunctions : tumor -- oncogene -- tumor suppressor gene
    • Receptors : Integrin -- transmembrane receptor -- ion channel
  • Techniques : electrophoresis -- chromatography -- mass spectrometry -- x-ray diffraction -- Southern blot -- fractionation -- Gram stain -- Surface Plasmon Resonance -- Microscale Thermophoresis

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