Otitis

Otitis is a general term for inflammation or infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals.

It is subdivided into the following:

Otitis externa, external otitis, or "swimmer's ear" involves the outer ear and ear canal. In external otitis, the ear hurts when touched or pulled.
Otitis media or middle ear infection involves the middle ear. In otitis media, the ear is infected or clogged with fluid behind the ear drum, in the normally air-filled middle-ear space. This very common childhood infection sometimes requires a surgical procedure called "myringotomy and tube insertion".
Otitis interna or labyrinthitis involves the inner ear. The inner ear includes sensory organs for balance and hearing. When the inner ear is inflamed, vertigo is a common symptom.

Diseases of the ear and mastoid process (H60–H99, 380–389)

Outer ear

Otitis externa
Otomycosis

Middle ear and mastoid

Otitis media
Mastoiditis
- Bezold's abscess
- Gradenigo's syndrome
Tympanosclerosis

Cholesteatoma
Perforated eardrum

Inner ear and
central pathways

Common pathway

Labyrinthitis/Otitis interna

Equilibrioception

Vertigo/Balance disorder: peripheral
- Ménière's disease
- BPPV
- Vestibular neuronitis
- Perilymph fistula
central (Central positional nystagmus)

Hearing

Hearing impairment	Conductive hearing loss Otosclerosis Superior canal dehiscence Sensorineural hearing loss Presbycusis Cortical deafness Nonsyndromic deafness

Excessive response	Tinnitus Hyperacusis/Phonophobia

Deafblindness	Wolfram syndrome Usher syndrome

Other	Auditory processing disorder Spatial hearing loss

M: EAR

anat (e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug (S2)

Inflammation

Acute

Plasma derived mediators	Bradykinin · complement (C3, C5a, MAC) · coagulation (Factor XII, Plasmin, Thrombin)

Cell derived mediators	preformed: Lysosome granules · vasoactive amines (Histamine, Serotonin) synthesized on demand: cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1) · eicosanoids (Leukotriene B4, Prostaglandins) · Nitric oxide · Kinins

Chronic

Macrophage · Epithelioid cell · Giant cell · Granuloma

Processes

Traditional: Rubor · Calor · Tumor · Dolor (pain) · Functio laesa
Modern: Acute-phase reaction/Fever · Vasodilation · Increased vascular permeability · Exudate · Leukocyte extravasation · Chemotaxis

Specific locations

Nervous	CNS (Encephalitis, Myelitis) · Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) · PNS (Neuritis) · eye (Dacryoadenitis, Scleritis, Episcleritis, Keratitis, Choroiditis, Retinitis, Chorioretinitis, Blepharitis, Conjunctivitis, Iritis, Uveitis) · ear (Otitis, Labyrinthitis, Mastoiditis)

Cardiovascular	Carditis (Endocarditis, Myocarditis, Pericarditis) · Vasculitis (Arteritis, Phlebitis, Capillaritis)

Respiratory	upper (Sinusitis, Rhinitis, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis) · lower (Tracheitis, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Pneumonitis, Pleuritis) · Mediastinitis

Digestive	mouth (Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Gingivostomatitis, Glossitis, Tonsillitis, Sialadenitis/Parotitis, Cheilitis, Pulpitis, Gnathitis) · tract (Esophagitis, Gastritis, Gastroenteritis, Enteritis, Colitis, Enterocolitis, Duodenitis, Ileitis, Caecitis, Appendicitis, Proctitis) · accessory (Hepatitis, Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, Pancreatitis) · Peritonitis

Integumentary	Dermatitis (Folliculitis) · Cellulitis · Hidradenitis

Musculoskeletal	Arthritis · Dermatomyositis · soft tissue (Myositis, Synovitis/Tenosynovitis, Bursitis, Enthesitis, Fasciitis, Capsulitis, Epicondylitis, Tendinitis, Panniculitis) Osteochondritis: Osteitis (Spondylitis, Periostitis) · Chondritis

Urinary	Nephritis (Glomerulonephritis, Pyelonephritis) · Ureteritis · Cystitis · Urethritis

Reproductive	female: Oophoritis · Salpingitis · Endometritis · Parametritis · Cervicitis · Vaginitis · Vulvitis · Mastitis male: Orchitis · Epididymitis · Prostatitis · Balanitis · Balanoposthitis pregnancy/newborn: Chorioamnionitis · Omphalitis

Endocrine	Insulitis · Hypophysitis · Thyroiditis · Parathyroiditis · Adrenalitis

Lymphatic	Lymphangitis · Lymphadenitis