Ōshima (大島?):
- Hiromi Oshima, model and playmate
- Hiroshi Ōshima, Japanese ambassador to Nazi Germany during World War II
- Joun Ōshima, noted Japanese sculptor in the Meiji/Taisho era
- Mai Oshima, AKB48
- Michiru Oshima, a Japanese composer
- Nagisa Oshima, Japanese film director
- Naoto Ōshima, former character designer for SEGA
- Takatō Ōshima, made the first blast furnace and western-style cannons in Japan
- Towa Oshima, manga artist
- Tsutomu Ohshima, martial artist, head of Shotokan Karate of America.
- Yuko Oshima, AKB48