Orientalism is a term used by art historians, literary and cultural studies scholars for the imitation or depiction of aspects of Middle Eastern, and East Asian cultures (Eastern cultures) by American and European writers, designers and artists. In particular, Orientalist painting, depicting more specifically "the Middle East", was one of the many specialisms of 19th century Academic art.
Since the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism, the term has tended to acquire a negative connotation, and in much academic discourse has become shorthand for Western feelings of superiority over, and overlooking of the views of, Middle Eastern, Asian and North African cultures.
Read more about Orientalism: Meaning of The Term, Orientalizing Styles in Europe, Literature and Music, Eastern Views of The West