Onufriivka Raion - History

History

The oldest traces of human existence in Onufriivka area belongs to the Neolithic era.

The district center - town Onufriivka - founded in the early 17th century Zaporizhzhya Cossack Onufrienko retired on behalf of which the name originated settlement.

At the time of the liberation war of Ukrainian people in 1648-1654 there was already a considerable settlement, the inhabitants of which took part in the campaigns of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. Population Onufriivka grew by farmers - refugees from Volhynia, Galicia, Bessarabia, which attracted large amounts of virgin wilderness, forests, rivers and magnificent meadows. Local residents were mainly livestock husbandry was less developed. Each year, autumn is held fairs, which came Kremenchug and Kiev merchants. In 1752, the establishment of military settlements Onufriivka joined the New Serbia and became the property of Ivan Horvath - Otkurtycha, and in the 1770s, descendants Horvath-Otkurtycha sold Onufrievka Mikhail Ivanovich Kamburley who was a counselor, senator, civil governor of Volhynia.

In winter, 1805, the landowner I. Kamburley removed from their estates Orel and Tambov provinces of serfs. Later, he won ten families in the cards in a landlord with curtains, and other serfs traded in a Prince for thoroughbred dog, these settlers he posted on his lands, establishing village Kamburliyivka (in honor of his name) and Zybkove. And today these villages where living descendants of immigrants from Russia, officially is Russian.

Village Vyshnivtsi (formerly Ivanivka) appeared in 1777 year. Landowner M. Kamburley explorers in Zaporizhzhya officers Holodiya, bought for 30 rubles. silver captive Tatar Peter Sahaydysha, baptised him married to Ukrainian and settled on the farm. Next to the Farm 1792, the task Kamburleya was settled several families immigrants from Poland. So there was a village in honor of his father's landlord called Ivanivna.

In 1821, the after the death of his entire Kamburleya property passed into the possession of Count Michael D. Tolstoy, who was married to the daughter Kamburleya Kateryna. Count Tolstoy inherited village Onufriivka, Kamburliyivka, Lozuvatka, Ivanivka, i.e. 13 thousand acres of land. Tolstoy graphs rich and ancient, as evidenced by family coat of arms with the motto: «Преданностью и усердием».(«Dedication and diligence»)

Mykhailo D. Tolstoy was a large landowner and implemented on their land advanced methods of management, the savings were used at that time thoroughly equipment, iron plows, threshing and winnow horse. There was even a tractor "Fordzon." On the farm grown horse breed the award, which proved to be popular in Russia and abroad. Grown sheep breeds rambulye (8 thousand units), cows gray Ukrainian breed (600 goals), wool of the sheep sent to Bialystok and Lodz woolen factory. On the power of working its own brick factory, all buildings on the estate built their own brick, which is marked by high quality, especially in 1911, the by means of graphs Tolstoy (MM Tolstoy and his mother OG Tolstoy) was built school, which in our time studying children and building a marked attractive exterior and interior reasonableness and beauty. It was also built hospitals and schools in the village of Pavlysh. Township Board, veterinaries, vicarage, Zemstvo in Onufriivka.

With family connected graphs Tolstoy Foundation Onufriivka park. Conducted by laying the park one of the disciples of the famous Russian scientist Dokuchaev. All work performed hands of the multitude, the serfs of Count Tolstoy. Old Park counting down the age of 20 years of 19th century. And new - to the south of the river Omelnychok - planted in a half century later. The area of the park is 84 hectares, of which 22 ha is water mirror ponds. On its territory there were more than 100 species of trees and shrubs, original pavilions, bridges, small architectural forms, bulk island with gazebo and bathing, Beside the house are two pools with fountains, rose garden. Walk the park was placed on the classic British model.

Farmers is strictly forbidden to enter the manor park. Passes were only workers who cleared the alley, looked at the trees and numerous gardens, as well as swans on park ponds. Later, the villagers allowed to take water for their needs with one of the ponds. By this time he kept his name - the peasant. The whole park was surrounded by two-meter brick fence with decorative lattice.

In 1960, the Council of Ministers UkrSSR adopted a Resolution, which Onufriivka park was declared a monument of landscape architecture of the 19th century.

In the former savings Counts Tolstoy located horse factory number 175 - a regular participant of National and International sports competitions of equestrian sports. His students - English thoroughbred horses, horse breeds - Olympic champions, winners of large and small Derby winners of competitions in Rostov and Odessa racetrack.

Counts Tolstoy are prominent philanthropists and benefactors of his time. The funds Mikhail Mikhailovich was built in Odessa station "ambulance." Each graph was trustee of schools and schools for children from poor families. Counts made a huge contribution to the development of agriculture and viticulture in Southern Russia. After October 1917, the life of the last Count Tolstoy turned tragic. Stripped of all property, seriously ill Mikhail Tolstoy with his mother Helen G. traveled to Geneva. There and ended his life (August 30, 1927 years). His death cut short a branch of the famous Tolstoy family, related to our land.