Balanced Systems
The theory of three-phase power systems tells us that as long as the loads on each of the three phases are balanced, we can consider each phase separately. In power engineering, this assumption is often useful, and to consider all three phases requires more effort with very little potential advantage. An important and frequent exception is an asymmetric fault on only one or two phases of the system.
A one-line diagram is usually used along with other notational simplifications, such as the per-unit system.
A secondary advantage to using a one-line diagram is that the simpler diagram leaves more space for non-electrical, such as economic, information to be included.
Read more about this topic: One-line Diagram
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