Olsson is a common Swedish surname. It is a contraction of the surname Olofsson and it literally means "son of Olof" and seldom also "son of Ola". It may refer to the following people (Swedish, unless stated otherwise):
- Albert Julius Olsson (1864–1942), British Artist
- Arne Olsson, 20th century Lutheran bishop
- Christian Olsson (born 1980), athlete
- Holmfrid Olsson (1943–2009) a Swedish biathlete
- Ingela Olsson (born 1958), actress
- Jan Olof Olsson (1920–1974), writer and journalist
- Johan Olsson (ice hockey) (born 1978), ice hockey forward
- Johan Olsson (skier) (born 1980), cross country skier
- Jonas Olsson (born 1970), football manager and former footballer
- Jonas Olsson (born 1983), footballer
- Börje Kenny Olsson (1977–2007), speedway racer
- Martin Olsson (born 1988), footballer who plays for Blackburn Rovers in the Premier League
- Marcus Olsson (born 1988), footballer and brother of Martin
- Nigel Olsson (born 1949), English rock drummer
- Otto Olsson (1879–1964), Swedish composer and organist
- Peter Olsson (–), bassist
- Peter A. Olsson (born 1941), American psychiatrist
- Tage William-Olsson (1888–1960), architect
- Tony Olsson (born 1965), former speedway runner
- Ulf Olsson (1951-2010), murderer
- Ulla Olsson, 20th century politician
- Vic Olsson, New Zealand rower