Okamoto (written: 岡本 lit. "hill origin") is the 48th most common Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Anri Okamoto (born 1994), fashion model and an actress in Japan
- Asami Okamoto (born 1974), female Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan
- Atsushi Okamoto (born 1981), professional Nippon Professional Baseball player
- Aya Okamoto (born 1982), actress and voice actress
- Ayako Okamoto (born 1951), Japanese professional golfer
- Chizuko Okamoto (born 1951), Japanese woman who was convicted of killing her own daughter
- Fuji Okamoto (1905–1984), Japanese boxer
- Haruko Okamoto (née Ishida, born 1945), Japanese figure skater
- Hideya Okamoto (born 1987), Japanese football player
- Hitoshi Okamoto, guitarist of the Japanese pop band Garnet Crow
- Keito Okamoto (born 1993), Japanese singer and member of the J-pop group Hey! Say! JUMP
- Kihachi Okamoto (1924–2005), Japanese film director
- Kōzō Okamoto (born 1947), member of the Japanese armed militant group, Japanese Red Army (JRA)
- Kumiko Okamoto (born 1965), retired female tennis player from Japan
- Lynn Okamoto, male manga artist and a former employee of Bandai
- Mariko Okamoto (born 1951), Japanese volleyball player
- Masahiro Okamoto (born 1983), Japanese football player
- Maya Okamoto (born 1967), in Shinjuku, Tokyo, is a voice actor
- Mayo Okamoto (born 1974), Japanese singer-songwriter
- Mike Okamoto (born Detroit, United States), is an American comic book artist and commercial illustrator
- Mitsunori Okamoto (born 1971), Japanese politician of the Democratic Party of Japan
- Mori Okamoto, actor
- Natsuki Okamoto (born 1989), Japanese fashion model and actress
- Nobuhiko Okamoto (born 1986), male Japanese voice actor from Tokyo, Japan
- Okamoto Kanoko (1889–1939), pen-name of a Japanese author, tanka poet, and Buddhism scholar
- Okamoto Kido (1872–1939), Japanese author
- Rai Okamoto (1927–1993), American architect, planner, and author
- Rei Okamoto (born 1991), Japanese model and actress
- Tarō Okamoto (1911–1996), Japanese artist noted for abstract and avant-garde paintings and sculpture
- Tetsuo Okamoto (1932–2007), Brazilian swimmer
- Tomotaka Okamoto (born 1976), Japanese sopranist
- Tomotaka Okamoto (footballer) (born 1990), Japanese football player
- Vincent Okamoto (born 1943), American Army officer
- Yasuaki Okamoto (born 1988), Japanese football player
- Yoriko Okamoto (born 1971), first Japanese athlete to become an Olympic taekwondo medalist
- Yoichi Okamoto (1915–1985), American photographer
- Yoshiki Okamoto (born 1961), video game designer credited with producing many of Capcom's popular titles
- Yoshiro Okamoto (born 1943), Japanese politician of the Liberal Democratic Party
- Yukiko Okamoto (born 1979), Japanese actress
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