Chemical and Physical Properties
Nile blue is a fluorescent dye. The fluorescence shows especially in nonpolar solvents with a high quantum yield.
The absorption and emission maxima of Nile blue are strongly dependent on pH and the solvents used:
| Solvent | Absorption λ max (nm) | Emission λ max (nm) |
|---|---|---|
| Toluene | 493 | 574 |
| Acetone | 499 | 596 |
| Dimethylformamide | 504 | 598 |
| Chloroform | 624 | 647 |
| 1-Butanol | 627 | 664 |
| 2-propanol | 627 | 665 |
| Ethanol | 628 | 667 |
| Methanol | 626 | 668 |
| Water | 635 | 674 |
| 1.0 N hydrochloric acid (pH = 1.0) | 457 | 556 |
| 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution (pH = 11.0) | 522 | 668 |
| Ammonia water (pH = 13.0) | 524 | 668 |
The duration of Nile blue fluorescence in ethanol was measured as 1.42 ns. This is shorter than the corresponding value of Nile red with 3.65 ns. The fluorescence duration is independent on dilution in the range 10−3–10−8 mol/L.
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