United States
Several bills have been proposed to institute a federal requirement to set standard limits on net metering. They range from H.R. 729 which allows up to 2% net metering to H.R. 1945 which has no limit, but does limit residential users to 10 kW, a low limit compared to many states, such as New Mexico, with an 80,000 kW limit, or states such as Arizona, Colorado, New Jersey, and Ohio which limit as a percentage of load. Best practices recommends limiting only to the customer's service entrance capacity. Current law requires all utilities to offer net metering upon request, which implies no limits, and is in conflict with state laws which do set a limit. Current as of June 2011, only three states do address net metering, and twenty one have no limit on the number of subscribers using net metering. Only three, Arizona, New Jersey, and Ohio, have no specific wattage limit on the power limit for each subscriber (see table). Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and West Virginia are considered the most favorable states for net metering, as they are the only states to receive an "A" rating from the Network for New Energy Choices in 2011.
| State | Subscriber limit (% of peak) |
Power limit Res/Com(kW) |
Monthly rollover |
Annual compensation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | no limit | 100 | yes, can be indefinitely | varies |
| Alaska | 1.5 | 25 | yes, indefinitely | retail rate |
| Arizona | no limit | 125% of load | yes, avoided-cost at end of billing year | retail rate |
| Arkansas | no limit | 25/300 | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| California | 5 | 1,000 | yes, can be indefinitely | varies |
| Colorado | no limit | 120% of load or 10/25* | yes, indefinitely | varies* |
| Connecticut | no limit | 2,000 | yes, avoided-cost at end of billing year | retail rate |
| Delaware | 5 | 25/500 or 2,000* | yes, indefinitely | retail rate |
| District of Columbia | no limit | 1,000 | yes, indefinitely | retail rate |
| Florida | no limit | 2,000 | yes, avoided-cost at end of billing year | retail rate |
| Georgia | 0.2 | 10/100 | no | determined rate |
| Hawaii | 1 or 3* | 50 or 100* | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| Idaho | 0.1 | 25 or 25/100* | no | retail rate or avoided-cost* |
| Illinois | 1 | 40 | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| Indiana | 1 | 1000 | yes, indefinitely | retail rate |
| Iowa | no limit | 500 | yes, indefinitely | retail rate |
| Kansas | 1 | 25/200 | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| Kentucky | 1 | 30 | yes, indefinitely | retail rate |
| Louisiana | no limit | 25/300 | yes, indefinitely | avoided cost |
| Maine | no limit | 100 or 660* | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| Maryland | 1500 MW | 2,000 | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| Massachusetts** | no limit <10 kW 3 |
60, 1,000 or 2,000 | varies | varies |
| Michigan | 0.75 | 150 | yes, indefinitely | partial retail rate |
| Minnesota | no limit | 40 | no | retail rate |
| Mississippi | ||||
| Missouri | 5 | 100 | yes, until end of billing year | avoided-cost |
| Montana | no limit | 50 | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| Nebraska | 1 | 25 | yes, until end of billing year | avoided-cost |
| Nevada | 1 | 1,000 | yes, indefinitely | retail rate |
| New Hampshire | 1 | 100 | yes, indefinitely | retail rate |
| New Jersey | no limit | previous years consumption | yes, avoided-cost at end of billing year | retail rate |
| New Mexico | no limit | 80,000 | if under $50 | avoided-cost |
| New York | 1 or 0.3 (wind) | 10 to 2,000 or peak load | varies | avoided-cost or retail rate |
| North Carolina | no limit | 1000 | yes, until summer billing season | retail rate |
| North Dakota | no limit | 100 | no | avoided-cost |
| Ohio | no limit | no explicit limit | yes, until end of billing year | generation rate |
| Oklahoma | no limit | 100 or 25,000/year | no | avoided-cost, but utility not required to purchase |
| Oregon | 0.5 or no limit* | 10/25 or 25/2,000* | yes, until end of billing year* | varies |
| Pennsylvania | no limit | 50/3,000 or 5,000 | yes, "price-to-compare" at end of billing year | retail rate |
| Rhode Island | 2 | 1,650 for most, 2250 or 3500* | optional | slightly less than retail rate |
| South Carolina | 0.2 | 20/100 | yes, until summer billing season | time-of-rate use or less |
| South Dakota | ||||
| Tennessee | ||||
| Texas*** | no limit | 20 or 25 | no | varies |
| Utah | varies* | 25/2,000 or 10* | varies* | avoided-cost or retail rate* |
| Vermont | 2 | 250 | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| Virginia | 1 | 10/500 | yes, avoided-cost option at end of billing year | retail rate |
| Washington | 0.25 | 100 | yes, until end of billing year | retail rate |
| West Virginia | 0.1 | 25 | yes, up to twelve months | retail rate |
| Wisconsin | no limit | 20 | no | retail rate for renewables, avoided-cost for non-renewables |
| Wyoming | no limit | 25 | yes, avoided-cost at end of billing year | retail rate |
Note: Some additional minor variations not listed in this table may apply. N/A = Not available. Lost = Excess electricity credit or credit not claimed is granted to utility. Retail rate = Final sale price of electricity. Avoided-cost = "Wholesale" price of electricity (cost to the utility). * = Depending on utility. ** = Massachusetts distinguishes policies for different "classes" of systems. *** = Only available to customers of Austin Energy or Green Mountain Energy (Green Mountain Energy is not a utility but a retail electric provider; according to www.powertochoose.com, Green Mountain prices are twice the average retail price).
Read more about this topic: Net Metering
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