Schools
Neo-Confucianism is classically categorized into two different schools of thought. The most dominant of these schools was the Cheng-Zhu school, based on the ideas of Cheng Yi, Cheng Hao, and Zhu Xi. The less dominant, opposing school was the Lu–Wang school, based on the thoughts Wang Yangming and Lu Jiuyuan.
In contrast to this two-branch model, the New Confucian Mou Zongsan argues that there existed a third branch of learning, the Hu-Liu school, based on the teachings of Hu Hong (Hu Wufeng, 1106–61) and Liu Zongzhou (Liu Jishan, 1578–1645). The significance of this third branch, according to Mou, was that they represented the direct lineage of the pioneers of Neo-Confucianism, Zhou Dunyi, Zhang Zai and Cheng Hao. Moreover, this third Hu-Liu school and the second Lu–Wang school, combined, form the true mainstream of Neo-Confucianism instead of the Cheng-Zhu school. The mainstream represented a return to the teachings of Confucius,
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