The Rise of The Umayyads
When the first civil war broke out in the Muslim empire as a result of the murder of Uthman and the nomination of Ali as caliph, the Rashidun Caliphate was succeeded by the new dynasty of Umayyad with Syria as its core and Damascus its capital for the next century to come.
Read more about this topic: Muslim Conquest Of Syria
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“For the nation’s rise and fall every citizen has a responsibility.”
—Chinese proverb.