Examples of Monarchical Ordinals
Monarchs with the same given name are distinguished by their ordinals:
- Kings Umberto I and Umberto II of Italy
- Empresses Catherine I and Catherine II of Russia
- Princes Rainier II and Rainier III of Monaco
- Popes Benedict XV and Benedict XVI
Ordinals may also apply where a ruler of one realm and a ruler of that realm's successor state share the same name:
- Queens Elizabeth I of England and Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
- Kings Alfonso XI of Castile and Alfonso XII of Spain.
- Kings Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia and Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
Practice varies where monarchs go by two or more given names. For Swedish monarchs, the ordinal qualifies only the first name; for example, Gustav VI Adolf, known as "Gustav Adolf", was the sixth Gustav/Gustaf, but the third Gustav Adolf. By contrast, the Kingdom of Prussia was ruled in turn by Friedrich I, Friedrich Wilhelm I, Friedrich II, and Friedrich Wilhelm II; and later by Wilhelm I. Likewise Pope John Paul I, who chose his double name to honour predecessors John XXIII and Paul VI, and was succeeded by John Paul II.
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