Moldovan and Moldavian refer to something of, from, or related to Moldova, a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, or the region of Moldavia, which currently spans 8 north-eastern counties of Romania, the Republic of Moldova, and small parts of Ukraine (Chernivtsi oblast and Budjak). It may also refer to:
- Moldovan cuisine
- Moldovans (also rendered as Moldavians), the identity group forming the majority population of Moldova
- Moldovan language (also Moldavian), one of the names of the official language of Moldova
- Moldavian subdialect of Romanian (speech/variety), one of several varieties of Romanian language
- Moldovan (surname), a common surname in Romania and Moldova
- Moldavian Airlines, an airline based in Chişinău, Moldova
- Moldovan, a folk dance from Croatia
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