Cybernetics of The First and Second Order
Heinz von Foerster, one of the more prominent academics in the field of cybernetics, cited two forms of cybernetics. In the context of business, these forms are fundamentally different with regard to the way in which a system is observed.
- First-order cybernetics: Views the system as being completely independent to the observer. ‘The observed system’
- Second-order cybernetics: Refers to systems that observe themselves. ] ]]
It is important to note that neither approach is better than the other, they are merely different.
Read more about this topic: Management Cybernetics
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