Monolithic Integrated Circuit Logic Families Compared
The following logic families would either have been used to build up systems from functional blocks such as flip-flops, counters, and gates, or else would be used as "glue" logic to interconnect very-large scale integration devices such as memory and processors. Not shown are some early obscure logic families from the early 1960s such as DCTL (direct-coupled transistor logic), which did not become widely available.
Propagation delay is the time taken for a two-input NAND gate to produce a result after a change of state at its inputs. Toggle speed represents the fastest speed at which a J-K flip flop could operate. Power per gate is for an individual 2-input NAND gate; usually there would be more than one gate per IC package. Values are very typical and would vary slightly depending on application conditions, manufacturer, temperature, and particular type of logic circuit. Introduction year is when at least some of the devices of the family were available in volume for civilian uses. Some military applications pre-dated civilian use.
Family | Description | Propagation delay (ns) | Toggle speed (MHz) | Power per gate @1 MHz (mW) | Typical supply voltage V (range) | Introduction year | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RTL | Resistor–transistor logic | 4 | 10 | 3.3 | 1963 | the first CPU built from integrated circuits (the Apollo Guidance Computer) used RTL. | |
DTL | Diode–transistor logic | 10 | 5 | 1962 | Introduced by Signetics, Fairchild 930 line became industry standard in 1964 | ||
CMOS | AC/ACT | 3 | 125 | 0.5 | 3.3 or 5 (2-6 or 4.5-5.5) | 1985 | ACT has TTL Compatible levels |
CMOS | HC/HCT | 9 | 50 | 0.5 | 5 (2-6 or 4.5-5.5) | 1982 | HCT has TTL compatible levels |
CMOS | 4000B/74C | 30 | 5 | 1.2 | 10V (3-18) | 1970 | Approximately half speed and power at 5 volts |
TTL | Original series | 10 | 25 | 10 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1964 | Several manufacturers |
TTL | L | 33 | 3 | 1 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1964 | Low power |
TTL | H | 6 | 43 | 22 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1964 | High speed |
TTL | S | 3 | 100 | 19 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1969 | Schottky high speed |
TTL | LS | 10 | 40 | 2 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1976 | Low power Schottky high speed |
TTL | ALS | 4 | 50 | 1.3 | 5 (4.5-5.5) | 1976 | Advanced Low power Schottky |
TTL | F | 3.5 | 100 | 5.4 | 5 (4.75-5.25) | 1979 | Fast |
TTL | AS | 2 | 105 | 8 | 5 (4.5-5.5) | 1980 | Advanced Schottky |
TTL | G | 1.5 | 1125 (1.125 GHz) | 1.65 - 3.6 | 2004 | First GHz 7400 series logic | |
ECL | ECL III | 1 | 500 | 60 | -5.2(-5.19 - -5.21) | 1968 | Improved ECL |
ECL | MECL I | 8 | 31 | -5.2 | 1962 | first integrated logic circuit commercially produced | |
ECL | ECL 10K | 2 | 125 | 25 | -5.2(-5.19 - -5.21) | 1971 | Motorola |
ECL | ECL 100K | 0.75 | 350 | 40 | -4.5(-4.2 - -5.2) | 1981 | |
ECL | ECL 100KH | 1 | 250 | 25 | -5.2(-4.9 - -5.5) | 1981 |
Read more about this topic: Logic Families
Famous quotes containing the words monolithic, integrated, circuit, logic, families and/or compared:
“Peer pressure is not a monolithic force that presses adolescents into the same mold. . . . Adolescents generally choose friend whose values, attitudes, tastes, and families are similar to their own. In short, good kids rarely go bad because of their friends.”
—Laurence Steinberg (20th century)
“Science is intimately integrated with the whole social structure and cultural tradition. They mutually support one otheronly in certain types of society can science flourish, and conversely without a continuous and healthy development and application of science such a society cannot function properly.”
—Talcott Parsons (19021979)
“Within the circuit of this plodding life
There enter moments of an azure hue,
Untarnished fair as is the violet
Or anemone, when the spring strews them
By some meandering rivulet, which make
The best philosophy untrue that aims
But to console man for his grievances.
I have remembered when the winter came,”
—Henry David Thoreau (18171862)
“... We need the interruption of the night
To ease attention off when overtight,
To break our logic in too long a flight,
And ask us if our premises are right.”
—Robert Frost (18741963)
“We are born into them, marry into them, even create them among the people we love. They come large and extended...or small and nuclear. But whatever their size or wherever they live, strong families give us the nurturance and strength we need in order to survive.”
—Andrea Davis (20th century)
“The earth is not a mere fragment of dead history, stratum upon stratum like the leaves of a book, to be studied by geologists and antiquaries chiefly, but living poetry like the leaves of a tree, which precede flowers and fruit,not a fossil earth, but a living earth; compared with whose great central life all animal and vegetable life is merely parasitic.”
—Henry David Thoreau (18171862)