Lithuanian Democratic Party

Lithuanian Democratic Party (LDP; Lithuanian: Lietuvių demokratų partija), established on October 17, 1902, was the second-oldest political party in Lithuania, then part of the Russian Empire. It published newspapers Lietuvos ūkininkas (1905–1918) and Lietuvos žinios (1909–1915). During World War I, the democratic party split into several other parties and became inactive. It was officially dissolved on May 15, 1920 when the Council of Lithuania ceased to exist. A party under the same name was established on February 4, 1989, and chaired by Saulius Pečeliūnas.

The party was established at count Zubov manor in Dabikinė near Akmenė by activists publishing Varpas. In 1906, it adopted a political program prepared by Kazys Grinius, Jonas Vileišis, Povilas Višinskis, Juozas Bortkevičius and Jurgis Šaulys. The goals of the party were to seek autonomy status for ethnic Lithuania within the Russian Empire. The local governance would be delegated to parochial committees, which could collect taxes. The program supported education and cooperation, promoted participation in public life, and advocated national unity. The party supported wealthier farmers, therefore during the Great Seimas of Vilnius of 1905 it opposed land reform that would have confiscated land from large landlords and distributed it to small peasants. After the Seimas, LDP sponsored the formation of the Lithuanian Peasants Union, which initially was a branch of LDP. Some member of LDP founded the Lithuanian National Democratic Party (Lithuanian: Tautiškoji lietuvių demokratų partija), headed by Jonas Basanavičius.

A new program by Albinas Rimka was adopted in 1914 and the party was renamed into the Democratic Party of Lithuania (Lithuanian: Lietuvos demokratų partija). Some members, including Petras Leonas and Andrius Bulota, of the party were elected into the State Duma of the Russian Empire.

During World War I, many activists evacuated into Russia. In 1917, the right wing faction formed the Lithuanian Socialist Popular Democratic Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialistų liaudininkų demokratų partija); another fraction formed the Lithuanian Socialist Popular Party (Lithuanian: Lietuvos socialistų liaudininkų partija). The LDP, which remained in Lithuania, was in essence inactive but still officially in existence. Two of its members, Jurgis Šaulys and Petras Vileišis, were elected to the Council of Lithuania, which adopted the Act of Independence of Lithuania in February 1918. The council ceased to exist in May 1920 when it was replaced by the Constituent Assembly of Lithuania. The LDP was formally dissolved at the same time.