Europe
- Bulgaria - Boris I, Knyaz of Bulgaria (852–889)
- Byzantine Empire - Basil I (867–886)
- Caucasus
- Principate of Iberia - David I (876–881)
- Principality of Kakheti - Gabriel, Prince of Kakheti (861–881)
- Klarjeti - Sumbat I Mampali, Prince of Klarjeti (c. 870–889)
- Littoral Croatia -
- Iljko, Duke of Littoral Croatia (876–878)
- Zdeslav, Duke of Littoral Croatia (878–879)
- England (Heptarchy) -
- Danelaw - Guthrum, King of the Danish Vikings (c. 874–c. 890)
- Kingdom of East Anglia - Aethelred (876–879)
- Mercia - Ceolwulf II, King of Mercia (874–c. 881)
- Northumbria -
- Ecgberht II, King of Northumbria (876–c. 878)
- Guthred, King of Northumbria (878–895)
- Wessex - Alfred the Great, King of Wessex (871–899)
- Danelaw - Guthrum, King of the Danish Vikings (c. 874–c. 890)
- East Francia -
- Duchy of Alsace - Hugh, Duke of Alsace (867–885)
- Bavaria – Carloman of Bavaria, King of Bavaria (876–880)
- March of Pannonia - Aribo of Austria (871–909)
- Saxony – Louis the Younger, King of Saxony (876–882)
- Duchy of Saxony - Brun, Duke of Saxony (866–880)
- Swabia – Charles the Fat, King of Swabia (876–887)
- Thuringia - Radulf II, Duke of Thuringia (874–880)
- West Francia - Louis the Stammerer, King of West Francia (877–879)
- County of Angoulême - Wulgrin I (866–886)
- County of Auvergne - Bernard II (872–886)
- County of Auxerre - Hugh the Abbot (876–886)
- County of Barcelona -
- Bernard II (865–878)
- Wilfred the Hairy (878–897)
- Duchy of Brittany - Two opposing claimants:
- Judicael (876–888/889)
- Alan I (876–907)
- County of Flanders -
- Baldwin I (862–879)
- Baldwin II (879–918)
- County of Maine -
- Gosfrid (865–878)
- Ragenold (878–885)
- March of Neustria -
- Gosfrid of Maine (865–878)
- Ragenold (878–885)
- Poitiers - Ranulf II of Aquitaine, Count of Poitiers (877–890)
- County of Toulouse - Bernard Plantapilosa (877–886)
- Tours - Hugh the Abbot, Count of Tours (866–886)
- Troyes - Robert I, Count of Troyes (876–886)
- County of Urgell - Wilfred the Hairy (870–897)
- Gascony - Sans III Mitarra, Duke of Gascony (864–893)
- Ireland - Áed Findliath, High King of Ireland (862–879)
- Ailech - Áed Findliath, King of Ailech (c. 855–879)
- Connacht - Conchobar mac Taidg Mór, King of Connacht (872–882)
- Uí Maine -
- Leinster -
- Kingdom of Mide - Flann Sinna (877–916)
- Munster - Dúnchad mac Duib-dá-Bairenn, King of Munster (872–888)
- Kingdom of Osraige - Cerball mac Dúnlainge (842–888)
- Ulaid - Ainbíth mac Áedo, King of Ulaid (873–882)
- Italy - Carloman of Bavaria, King of Italy (877–879)
- Principality of Benevento -
- Adelchis (854–878)
- Guaifer (878–881)
- County of Capua - Landulf II (863–879)
- March of Friuli - Berengar (874–890)
- Duchy of Gaeta - Docibilis I, Hypatus of Gaeta (866–906)
- Duchy of Naples - Athanasius (877–898)
- Papal States - Pope John VIII (872–882)
- Principality of Salerno - Guaifer (861–880)
- Duchy of Spoleto - Lambert I (876–880)
- March of Tuscany - Adalbert I (847–886)
- Republic of Venice - Orso I Participazio, Doge of Venice (864–881)
- Principality of Benevento -
- Great Moravia - Svatopluk I, King of Great Moravia (870–894)
- Duchy of Bohemia - Borivoj I (c. 870–c. 889)
- Norway - Harald I Fairhair, King of Norway (872–930)
- Novgorod - Rurik, Prince of Novgorod (862–879)
- Scotland -
- Áed, King of the Picts (877–878)
- Giric, King of the Picts (878–889), possibly together with Eochaid, King of the Picts (878–889)
- Serbia - Mutimir, Grand Zhupan of Serbia (850–891)
- Spain -
- County of Aragon - Aznar Galíndez II (867–893)
- Kingdom of Asturias - Alfonso III (866–910)
- County of Castile - Diego Rodríguez Porcelos (872–c. 885)
- Caliphate of Córdoba - Muhammad I (852–886)
- County of Pallars - Raymond I (872–920)
- Kingdom of Pamplona - García Íñiguez (851/852–882)
- County of Ribagorza - Raymond I (872–920)
- Wales -
- Kingdom of Gwynedd -
- Rhodri the Great (844–878)
- Anarawd ap Rhodri (878–916)
- Kingdom of Powys -
- Rhodri the Great (855–878)
- Merfyn ap Rhodri (878–900)
- Seisyllwg -
- Rhodri the Great, King of Seisyllwg (855–878)
- Cadell ap Rhodri, King of Seisyllwg (878–909)
- Kingdom of Gwynedd -
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 878
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