List of State Leaders in 1999 - Africa

Africa

• Algeria -
  • President -
    1. Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994–1999)
    2. Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Smail Hamdani, Prime Minister of Algeria (1998–1999)
    2. Ahmed Benbitour, Prime Minister of Algeria (1999–2000)
• Angola -
  • President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister - Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1996–1999)
• Benin
  • President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
• Botswana
  • President - Festus Mogae, President of Botswana (1998–2008)
• Burkina Faso -
  • President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–present)
  • Prime Minister - Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996–2000)
• Burundi
  • President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
• Cameroon -
  • President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
  • Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
• Cape Verde -
  • President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
• Central African Republic -
  • President - Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1997–1999)
    2. Anicet Georges Dologuélé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1999–2001)
• Chad -
  • President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime Minister of Chad (1997–1999)
    2. Nagoum Yamassoum, Prime Minister of Chad (1999–2002)
• Comoros -
  • President -
    1. Tadjidine Ben Said Massounde, Interim President of Comoros (1998–1999)
    2. Azali Assoumani, President of Comoros (1999–2002)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Abbas Djoussouf, Prime Minister of Comoros (1998–1999)
    2. Bianrifi Tarmidi, Prime Minister of Comoros (1999–2000)
  • Anjouan (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President -
      1. Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim, President of Anjouan (1997–1999)
      2. Said Abeid, President of Anjouan (1999–2001)
• Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
  • President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
• Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
  • President - Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
• Côte d'Ivoire -
  • President -
    1. Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
    2. Robert Guéï, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1999–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
• Djibouti -
  • President -
    1. Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
    2. Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, President of Djibouti (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
• Egypt -
  • President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kamal Ganzouri, Prime Minister of Egypt (1996–1999)
    2. Atef Ebeid, Prime Minister of Egypt (1999–2004)
• Equatorial Guinea -
  • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
  • Prime Minister - Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
• Eritrea
  • President - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)
• Ethiopia -
  • President - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
  • Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
• Gabon -
  • President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994–1999)
    2. Jean-François Ntoutoume Emane, Prime Minister of Gabon (1999–2006)
• The Gambia
  • President - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994–present)
• Ghana
  • President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
• Guinea -
  • President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sidya Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996–1999)
    2. Lamine Sidimé, Prime Minister of Guinea (1999–2004)
• Guinea-Bissau -
  • President -
    1. João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
    2. Ansumane Mané, Chairman of the Supreme Command of the Military Junta of Guinea-Bissau (1999)
    3. Malam Bacai Sanhá, Acting President of Guinea-Bissau (1999–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Francisco Fadul, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1998–2000)
• Kenya
  • President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
• Lesotho -
  • Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
  • Prime Minister - Pakalitha Mosisili, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1998–2012)
• Liberia
  • President - Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
• Libya
  • De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
  • Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
  • Head of Government - Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1997–2000)
• Madagascar -
  • President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Tantely Andrianarivo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1998–2002)
• Malawi
  • President - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
• Mali -
  • President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1994–2000)
• Mauritania -
  • President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1998–2003)
• Mauritius -
  • President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
  • Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995–2000)
• Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
  • Prefect - Pierre Bayle, Prefect of Mayotte (1998–2001)
  • President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
• Morocco -
  • Monarch -
    1. Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
    2. Mohammed VI, King of Morocco (1999–present)
  • Prime Minister - Abderrahmane Youssoufi, Prime Minister of Morocco (1998–2002)
  • Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
    • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1995–1999)
      2. Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1999–2003)
• Mozambique -
  • President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
• Namibia -
  • President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
• Niger -
  • President -
    1. Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger (1996–1999)
    2. Daouda Malam Wanké, Chairman of the National Reconciliation Council of Niger (1999)
    3. Mamadou Tandja, President of Niger (1999–2010)
  • Prime Minister - Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime Minister of Niger (1997–2000)
• Nigeria -
  • Head of State -
    1. Abdulsalami Abubakar, Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria (1998–1999)
    2. Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria (1999–2007)
• Rwanda -
  • President - Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995–2000)
• Saint Helena and Dependencies (British dependent territory)
  • Governor -
    1. David Smallman, Governor of Saint Helena (1995–1999)
    2. David Hollamby, Governor of Saint Helena (1999–2004)
• São Tomé and Príncipe -
  • President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Raul Bragança Neto, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1996–1999)
    2. Guilherme Posser da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1999–2001)
• Senegal -
  • President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
  • Prime Minister - Mamadou Lamine Loum, Prime Minister of Senegal (1998–2000)
• Seychelles
  • President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
• Sierra Leone
  • President - Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, President of Sierra Leone (1998–2007)
• Somalia -
  • no functioning central government
  • Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • President - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
  • Puntland (self-declared autonomous state, de facto independent)
    • President - Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, President of Puntland (1998–2002)
  • Jubaland (unrecognized secessionist state)
    • independent Jubaland extinguished on 11 June 1999
    • President - Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan, President of Jubaland (1998–1999)
• South Africa
  • President -
    1. Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa (1994–1999)
    2. Thabo Mbeki, President of South Africa (1999–2008)
• Sudan
  • President - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–present)
• Swaziland -
  • Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
• Tanzania -
  • President - Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
  • Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
• Togo -
  • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kwassi Klutse, Prime Minister of Togo (1996–1999)
    2. Eugene Koffi Adoboli, Prime Minister of Togo (1999–2000)
• Tunisia -
  • President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
    2. Mohamed Ghannouchi, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1999–2011)
• Uganda -
  • President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Kintu Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994–1999)
    2. Apolo Nsibambi, Prime Minister of Uganda (1999–2011)
• Zambia
  • President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
• Zimbabwe
  • President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)