List of State Leaders in 1998 - Europe

Europe

  • Albania –
    • President – Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania (1997–1998)
      2. Pandeli Majko, Prime Minister of Albania (1998–1999)
  • Andorra –
    • Monarchs
      • French Co-Prince – Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince – Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
    • Prime Minister – Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
  • Armenia –
    • President –
      1. Levon Ter-Petrossian, President of Armenia (1990–1998)
      2. Robert Kocharyan, President of Armenia (1998–2008)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1997–1998)
      2. Armen Darbinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1998–1999)
  • Austria –
    • President – Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
    • Chancellor – Viktor Klima, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1997–2000)
  • Azerbaijan –
    • President – Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
    • Prime Minister – Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
    • Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President – Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
      • Prime Minister –
        1. Leonard Petrosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1994–1998)
        2. Zhirayr Poghosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1998–1999)
  • Belarus –
    • President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
    • Prime Minister – Syargey Ling, Prime Minister of Belarus (1997–2000)
  • Belgium –
    • Monarch – Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–present)
    • Prime Minister – Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina –
    • Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
      • Bosniak member – Alija Izetbegović (1996–2000), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–1998)
      • Serb member –
        1. Momčilo Krajišnik (1996–1998)
        2. Živko Radišić (1998–2002), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998–1999)
      • Croat member –
        1. Krešimir Zubak (1996–1998)
        2. Ante Jelavić (1998–2001)
    • Co-prime Ministers – Haris Silajdžić and Boro Bosić, Co-Prime Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
    • High Representative – Carlos Westendorp, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
  • Bulgaria –
    • President – Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
    • Prime Minister – Ivan Kostov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
  • Croatia –
    • President – Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990–1999)
    • Prime Minister – Zlatko Mateša, President of the Government of Croatia (1995–2000)
  • Cyprus –
    • President – Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
    • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President – Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
      • Prime Minister – Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
  • Czech Republic –
    • President – Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Josef Tošovský, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1997–1998)
      2. Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1998–2002)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister – Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
  • Estonia –
    • President – Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
    • Prime Minister – Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia (1997–1999)
  • Finland –
    • President – Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994–2000)
    • Prime Minister – Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland, (1995–2003)
  • France –
    • President – Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
    • Prime Minister – Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
  • Georgia –
    • President – Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Niko Lekishvili, Minister of State of Georgia (1995–1998)
      2. Vazha Lortkipanidze, Minister of State of Georgia (1998–2000)
    • Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President – Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
      • Prime Minister – Sergei Bagapsh, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1997–1999)
    • South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President – Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993–2001)
      • Prime Minister –
        1. Aleksandr Shavlokhov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1996–1998)
        2. Merab Chigoev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1998–2001)
  • Germany –
    • President – Roman Herzog, Federal President of Germany (1994–1999)
    • Chancellor –
      1. Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)
      2. Gerhard Schröder, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1998–2005)
  • Greece –
    • President- Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
  • Hungary –
    • President – Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Gyula Horn, Prime Minister of Hungary (1994–1998)
      2. Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (1998–2002)
  • Iceland –
    • President – Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–present)
    • Prime Minister – Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
  • Ireland –
    • President – Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
    • Prime Minister – Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
  • Italy –
    • President – Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992–1999)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Romano Prodi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1996–1998)
      2. Massimo D'Alema, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1998–2000)
  • Latvia –
    • President – Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1993–1999)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Guntars Krasts, Prime Minister of Latvia (1997–1998)
      2. Vilis Krištopans, Prime Minister of Latvia (1998–1999)
  • Liechtenstein –
    • Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Prime Minister – Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
  • Lithuania –
    • President –
      1. Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (1992–1998)
      2. Valdas Adamkus, President of Lithuania (1998–2003)
    • Prime Minister – Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1996–1999)
  • Luxembourg –
    • Monarch – Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
    • Regent – Henri, Lieutenant Representative of Luxembourg (1998–2000)
    • Prime Minister – Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–present)
  • Macedonia –
    • President – Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1995–1999)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Branko Crvenkovski, Prime Minister of Macedonia (1992–1998)
      2. Ljubčo Georgievski, Prime Minister of Macedonia (1998–2002)
  • Malta –
    • President – Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (1994–1999)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Alfred Sant, Prime Minister of Malta (1996–1998)
      2. Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1998–2004)
  • Moldova –
    • President – Petru Lucinschi, President of Moldova (1996–2001)
    • Prime Minister – Ion Ciubuc, Prime Minister of Moldova (1997–1999)
    • Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President – Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)
  • Monaco –
    • Monarch – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
    • Head of Government – Michel Lévêque, Minister of State of Monaco (1997–2000)
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands
    • Monarch – Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
    • Netherlands (constituent country)
      • Prime Minister – Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
    • Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
      • see under North America
    • Aruba (constituent country)
      • see under North America
  • Norway –
    • Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
    • Prime Minister – Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (1997–2000)
  • Poland –
    • President – Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Jerzy Buzek, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1997–2001)
  • Portugal –
    • President – Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
    • Prime Minister – António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
  • Romania –
    • President – Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania (1996–2000)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Victor Ciorbea, Prime Minister of Romania (1996–1998)
      2. Gavril Dejeu, Interim Prime Minister of Romania (1998)
      3. Radu Vasile, Prime Minister of Romania (1998–1999)
  • Russia –
    • President – Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990–1999)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1992–1998)
      2. Sergei Kiriyenko, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1998)
      3. Viktor Chernomyrdin, Acting Chairman of the Government of Russia (1998)
      4. Yevgeny Primakov, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1998–1999)
    • Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President – Aslan Maskhadov, President of Ichkeria (1997–2005)
      • Prime Minister – Shamil Basayev, Prime Minister of Ichkeria (1998)
  • San Marino
    • Captains-Regent –
      1. Luigi Mazza and Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1997 – April 1998)
      2. Alberto Cecchetti and Loris Francini, Captains Regent of San Marino (April – October 1998)
      3. Pietro Berti and Paolo Bollini, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1998 – April 1999)
  • Slovakia –
    • President –
      1. Michal Kováč, President of Slovakia (1993–1998)
      2. Vladimír Mečiar and Ivan Gašparovič, Acting Presidents of Slovakia (1998)
      3. Mikuláš Dzurinda and Jozef Migaš, Acting Presidents of Slovakia (1998–1999)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Vladimír Mečiar, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1994–1998)
      2. Mikuláš Dzurinda, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1998–2006)
  • Slovenia –
    • President – Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002)
    • Prime Minister – Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2000)
  • Spain –
    • Monarch – Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
    • Prime Minister – José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
  • Sweden –
    • Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister – Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
  • Switzerland –
    • Swiss Federal Council:
      Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999, President), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010), Pascal Couchepin (1998–2009)
  • Ukraine –
    • President – Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
    • Prime Minister – Valeriy Pustovoitenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1997–1999)
  • United Kingdom –
    • Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister – Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
    • Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir John Coward, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
      • Bailiff – Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
    • Jersey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Michael Wilkes, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
      • Bailiff – Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
    • Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor – Sir Timothy Daunt, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1995–2000)
      • Chief minister – Donald Gelling, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1996–2001)
    • Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
      • Governor – Sir Richard Luce, Governor of Gibraltar (1997–2000)
      • Chief Minister – Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
  • Vatican City –
    • Monarch – Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
    • President of the Governorate – Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
    • Holy See
      • Secretary of State – Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
  • Yugoslavia –
    • President – Slobodan Milošević, President of Yugoslavia (1997–2000)
    • Prime Minister –
      1. Radoje Kontić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1993–1998)
      2. Momir Bulatović, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1998–2000)
    • Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President – Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
      • Prime Minister – Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)

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