List of State Leaders in 1993 - Africa

Africa

  • Algeria -
    • Head of State - Ali Kafi, Chairman of the High Council of State of Algeria (1992–1994)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Belaid Abdessalam, Prime Minister of Algeria (1992–1993)
      2. Redha Malek, Prime Minister of Algeria (1993–1994)
  • Angola -
    • President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
    • Prime Minister - Marcolino Moco, Prime Minister of Angola (1992–1996)
  • Benin -
    • President - Nicéphore Soglo, President of Benin (1991–1996)
  • Botswana -
    • President - Sir Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)
  • Burkina Faso -
    • President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–present)
    • Prime Minister - Youssouf Ouédraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1992–1994)
  • Burundi -
    • President -
      1. Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987–1993)
      2. Melchior Ndadaye, President of Burundi (1993)
      3. François Ngeze, Chairman of the Committee of Public Salvation of Burundi (1993)
      4. Sylvie Kinigi, Acting President of Burundi (1993–1994)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Adrien Sibomana, Prime Minister of Burundi (1988–1993)
      2. Sylvie Kinigi, Prime Minister of Burundi (1993–1994)
  • Cameroon -
    • President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
    • Prime Minister - Simon Achidi Achu, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1992–1996)
  • Cape Verde -
    • President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
    • Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
  • Central African Republic -
    • President -
      1. André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
      2. Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Timothée Malendoma, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1992–1993)
      2. Enoch Derant Lakoué, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1993)
      3. Jean-Luc Mandaba, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1993–1995)
  • Chad -
    • President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Joseph Yodoyman, Prime Minister of Chad (1992–1993)
      2. Fidèle Moungar, Prime Minister of Chad (1993)
      3. Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye, Prime Minister of Chad (1993–1995)
  • Comoros -
    • President - Said Mohamed Djohar, President of Comoros (1989–1995)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Ibrahim Halidi, Prime Minister of Comoros (1993)
      2. Said Ali Mohamed, Prime Minister of Comoros (1993)
      3. Ahmed Ben Cheikh Attoumane, Prime Minister of Comoros (1993–1994)
  • Congo -
    • President - Pascal Lissouba, President of Congo (1992–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Claude Antoine Dacosta, Prime Minister of Congo (1992–1993)
      2. Joachim Yhombi-Opango, Prime Minister of Congo (1993–1996)
  • Côte d'Ivoire -
    • President -
      1. Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960–1993)
      2. Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Alassane Ouattara, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1990–1993)
      2. Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
  • Djibouti -
    • President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
  • Egypt -
    • President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
    • Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986–1996)
  • Equatorial Guinea -
    • President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
    • Prime Minister - Silvestre Siale Bileka, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1992–1996)
  • Eritrea
    • gained independence on 24 May 1993
    • President - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)
  • Ethiopia -
    • President - Meles Zenawi, Interim President of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Tamirat Layne, Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
  • Gabon -
    • President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
    • Prime Minister - Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime Minister of Gabon (1990–1994)
  • The Gambia -
    • President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)
  • Ghana
    • President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
  • Guinea -
    • President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
  • Guinea-Bissau -
    • Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Carlos Correia, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1991–1994)
  • Kenya -
    • President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
  • Lesotho -
    • Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1990–1995)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Elias Phisoana Ramaema, Chairman of the Military Council (1991–1993)
      2. Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1993–1994)
  • Liberia -
    • Head of State - Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia (1990–1994)
  • Libya
    • De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
    • Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
    • Head of Government - Abuzed Omar Dorda, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1990–1994)
  • Madagascar -
    • President -
      1. Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
      2. Albert Zafy, President of Madagascar (1993–1996)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Guy Razanamasy, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1991–1993)
      2. Francisque Ravony, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1993–1995)
  • Malawi -
    • President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
  • Mali -
    • President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Younoussi Touré, Prime Minister of Mali (1992–1993)
      2. Abdoulaye Sékou Sow, Prime Minister of Mali (1993–1994)
  • Mauritania -
    • President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1992–1996)
  • Mauritius -
    • President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
    • Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995)
  • Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
    • Prefect -
      1. Jean-Paul Coste, Prefect of Mayotte (1990–1993)
      2. Jean-Jacques Debacq, Prefect of Mayotte (1993–1994)
    • President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
  • Morocco -
    • Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime Minister of Morocco (1992–1994)
    • Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
      • President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1988–1993)
        2. Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1993–1995)
  • Mozambique -
    • President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
  • Namibia -
    • President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
  • Niger -
    • President -
      1. Ali Saïbou, President of Niger (1987–1993)
      2. Mahamane Ousmane, President of Niger (1993–1996)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Amadou Cheiffou, Prime Minister of Niger (1991–1993)
      2. Mahamadou Issoufou, Prime Minister of Niger (1993–1994)
  • Nigeria -
    • Head of State -
      1. Ibrahim Babangida, President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria (1985–1993)
      2. Ernest Shonekan, Interim President of Nigeria (1993)
      3. Sani Abacha, Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria (1993–1998)
  • Rwanda -
    • President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Dismas Nsengiyaremye, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1992–1993)
      2. Agathe Uwilingiyimana, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1993–1994)
  • Saint Helena and Dependencies (British overseas territory)
    • Governor - Alan Hoole, Governor of Saint Helena (1991–1995)
  • São Tomé and Príncipe -
    • President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Norberto Costa Alegre, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1992–1994)
  • Senegal -
    • President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1991–1998)
  • Seychelles -
    • President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
  • Sierra Leone -
    • Head of State - Valentine Strasser, Chairman of the Supreme Council of State of Sierra Leone (1992–1996)
  • Somalia -
    • President - vacant (1991–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Umar Arteh Ghalib, Prime Minister of Somalia (1991–1997)
    • Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President -
        1. Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur, President of Somaliland (1991–1993)
        2. Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
  • South Africa -
    • President - F. W. de Klerk, State President of South Africa (1989–1994)
  • Sudan -
    • Head of State - Omar al-Bashir, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation of Sudan (1989–present)
  • Swaziland -
    • Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Obed Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1989–1993)
      2. Andreas Fakudze, Acting Prime Minister of Swaziland (1993)
      3. Prince Jameson Mbilini Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1993–1996)
  • Tanzania -
    • President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985–1995)
    • Prime Minister - John Malecela, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1990–1994)
  • Togo -
    • President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
    • Prime Minister - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, Prime Minister of Togo (1991–1994)
  • Tunisia -
    • President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
    • Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
  • Uganda -
    • President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
    • Prime Minister - George Cosmas Adyebo, Prime Minister of Uganda (1991–1994)
  • Zaire -
    • President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Étienne Tshisekedi, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1992–1993)
      2. Faustin Birindwa, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1993–1994)
  • Zambia -
    • President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
  • Zimbabwe -
    • President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)

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    “Are you there, Africa with the bulging chest and oblong thigh? Sulking Africa, wrought of iron, in the fire, Africa of the millions of royal slaves, deported Africa, drifting continent, are you there? Slowly you vanish, you withdraw into the past, into the tales of castaways, colonial museums, the works of scholars.”
    —Jean Genet (1910–1986)

    “There has never been in history another such culture as the Western civilization M a culture which has practiced the belief that the physical and social environment of man is subject to rational manipulation and that history is subject to the will and action of man; whereas central to the traditional cultures of the rivals of Western civilization, those of Africa and Asia, is a belief that it is environment that dominates man.”
    —Ishmael Reed (b. 1938)

    “For Africa to me ... is more than a glamorous fact. It is a historical truth. No man can know where he is going unless he knows exactly where he has been and exactly how he arrived at his present place.”
    —Maya Angelou (b. 1928)