List of State Leaders in 1989 - Europe

Europe

  • Albania
    • Communist Party Leader - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985–1991)
    • Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982–1991)
    • Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981–1991)
  • Andorra
    • Monarchs -
      • French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
    • Prime Minister - Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984–1990)
  • Austria -
    • President - Kurt Waldheim, Federal President of Austria (1986–1992)
    • Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
    • Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1982–1992)
  • Bulgaria
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Todor Zhivkov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1954–1989)
      2. Petar Mladenov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1989–1990)
    • Head of State -
      1. Todor Zhivkov, Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1971–1989)
      2. Petar Mladenov, Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1989–1990)
    • Premier - Georgi Atanasov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986–1990)
  • Cyprus
    • President - George Vasiliou, President of Cyprus (1988–1993)
    • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
      • Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1985–1994)
  • Czechoslovakia -
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Milouš Jakeš, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1987–1989)
      2. Karel Urbánek, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1989)
      3. Ladislav Adamec, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1989–1990)
    • President -
      1. Gustáv Husák, President of Czechoslovakia (1975–1989)
      2. Marián Čalfa, Acting President of Czechoslovakia (1989)
      3. Václav Havel, President of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Ladislav Adamec, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1988–1989)
      2. Marián Čalfa, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1989–1992)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
  • Finland
    • President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1982–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland (1987–1991)
  • France -
    • President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988–1991)
  • East Germany (German Democratic Republic) -
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Erich Honecker, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1971–1989)
      2. Egon Krenz, General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (1989)
    • Head of State -
      1. Erich Honecker, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1976–1989)
      2. Egon Krenz, Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1989)
      3. Manfred Gerlach, Acting Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1989–1990)
    • Premier -
      1. Willi Stoph, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1976–1989)
      2. Hans Modrow, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1989–1990)
  • West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) -
    • President - Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of West Germany (1984–1994)
    • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1998)
  • Greece -
    • President - Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985–1990)
    • Prime Minister-
      1. Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1981–1989)
      2. Tzannis Tzannetakis, Prime Minister of Greece (1989)
      3. Yiannis Grivas, Interim Prime Minister of Greece (1989)
      4. Xenophon Zolotas, Prime Minister of Greece (1989–1990)
  • Hungary
    • the People's Republic of Hungary changed into the Hungarian Republic on 23 October 1989
    • Communist Party Leader - Károly Grósz, General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (1988–1989)
    • President -
      1. Brunó Ferenc Straub, Chairman of the Presidential Council of Hungary (1988–1989)
      2. Mátyás Szűrös, Interim President of Hungary (1989–1990)
    • Premier - Miklós Németh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1988–1990)
  • Iceland
    • President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1988–1991)
  • Ireland -
    • President - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976–1990)
    • Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach of Ireland (1987–1992)
  • Italy -
    • President - Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985–1992)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Ciriaco De Mita, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1988–1989)
      2. Giulio Andreotti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1989–1992)
  • Liechtenstein
    • Monarch -
      1. Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1938–1989)
      2. Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Regent - Prince Hans-Adam, Regent of Liechtenstein (1984–1989)
    • Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
  • Malta
    • President -
      1. Paul Xuereb, Acting President of Malta (1987–1989)
      2. Ċensu Tabone, President of Malta (1989–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987–1996)
  • Monaco
    • Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
    • Head of Government - Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985–1991)
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands
    • Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
    • Netherlands (constituent country)
      • Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
    • Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
      • see under North America
    • Aruba (constituent country)
      • see under North America
  • Norway -
    • Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1986–1989)
      2. Jan P. Syse, Prime Minister of Norway (1989–1990)
  • Poland
    • the People's Republic of Poland changed into the Republic of Poland on 30 December 1989
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Wojciech Jaruzelski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1981–1989)
      2. Mieczysław Rakowski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1989–1990)
    • President - Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of Poland (1985–1990)
    • Premier -
      1. Mieczysław Rakowski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1988–1989)
      2. Czesław Kiszczak, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1989)
      3. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1989–1991)
  • Portugal -
    • President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
  • Romania
    • the Socialist Republic of Romania changed into Romania on 29 December 1989
    • Communist Party Leader - Nicolae Ceauşescu, General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (1965–1989)
    • President -
      1. Nicolae Ceauşescu, President of Romania (1967–1989)
      2. Council of the National Salvation Front, President of Romania (1989)
      3. Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (1989–1996)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Constantin Dăscălescu, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1982–1989)
      2. Petre Roman, Prime Minister of Romania (1989–1991)
  • San Marino
    • Captains Regent -
      1. Luciano Cardelli and Reves Salvatori, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1988–March 1989)
      2. Mauro Fiorini and Marino Vagnetti, Captains Regent of San Marino (April 1989–September 1989)
      3. Gloriana Ranocchini and Leo Achilli, Captains Regent of San Marino (October 1989–March 1990)
  • Soviet Union -
    • Communist Party leader - Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
    • Head of State - Mikhail Gorbachev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union (1988–1991)
    • Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
  • Spain
    • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
    • Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
  • Sweden
    • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986–1991)
  • Switzerland
    • Swiss Federal Council:
      Otto Stich (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998, President), Elisabeth Kopp (1984–1989), Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), René Felber (1987–1993), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003)
  • United Kingdom -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)
    • Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Alexander Boswell, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1985–1990)
      • Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
    • Jersey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir William Pillar, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1985–1990)
      • Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
    • Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Laurence New, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1985–1990)
      • Chief minister - Miles Walker, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1986–1996)
    • Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
      • Governor -
        1. Sir Peter Terry, Governor of Gibraltar (1985–1989)
        2. Sir Derek Reffell, Governor of Gibraltar (1989–1993)
      • Chief Minister - Joe Bossano, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1988–1996)
  • Vatican City
    • Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
    • President of the Governorate - Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1984–1990)
    • Holy See
      • Secretary of State - Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979–1990)
  • Yugoslavia -
    • Communist Party leader -
      1. Stipe Šuvar, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1988–1989)
      2. Milan Pančevski, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1989–1990)
    • Head of State -
      1. Raif Dizdarević, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1988–1989)
      2. Janez Drnovšek, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1989–1990)
    • Premier -
      1. Branko Mikulić, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1986–1989)
      2. Ante Marković, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1989–1991)

Read more about this topic:  List Of State Leaders In 1989

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