List of State Leaders in 1922 - Europe

Europe

  • Albania
    • Head of State - High Council of Regency, Head of State of Albania (1920–1925)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Xhafer Bej Ypi, Prime Minister of Albania (1921–1922)
      2. Ahmet Zogu, Prime Minister of Albania (1922–1924)
  • Andorra
    • Monarchs -
      • French Co-Prince - Alexandre Millerand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1924)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Justí Guitart i Vilardebó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1940)
    • First Syndic - Bonaventura Villarubia, First Syndic of Andorra (1920–1923)
  • Armenia
    • became a founder of Transcaucasia on 12 March 1922
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Sergey Lukashin, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1921–1922)
      2. Ashot Hovhannisyan, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1922–1927)
    • Head of State -
      1. Aleksandr Myasnikyan, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Armenia (1921–1922)
      2. Sarkis Ambartsumyan, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Armenia (1922–1925)
    • Premier - Sergey Lukashin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Armenia (1922–1925)
  • Austria
    • President - Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria (1920–1928)
    • Chancellor -
      1. Johann Schober, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1921–1922)
      2. Walter Breisky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1922)
      3. Johann Schober, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1922)
      4. Ignaz Seipel, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1922–1924)
  • Azerbaijan
    • became a founder of Transcaucasia on 12 March 1922
    • Communist Party Leader - Sergey Kirov, First secretary of the Azerbaijani Communist Party (1921–1926)
    • Head of State -
      1. Mukhtar Hajiyev, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Azerbaijan (1921–1922)
      2. Samed Aga Aliyev, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Azerbaijan (1922–1930)
    • Premier -
      1. Nariman Narimanov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Azerbaijan (1921–1922)
      2. Gazanfar Musabekov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Azerbaijan (1922–1930)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
    • Prime Minister - Georges Theunis, Prime Minister of Belgium (1921–1925)
  • Bulgaria
    • Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
    • Premier - Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1919–1923)
  • Byelorussia
    • became a founder of the Soviet Union on 30 December 1922
    • Communist Party Leader - Vilgelm Knorinsh, First secretary of the Byelorussian Communist Party (1920–1923)
    • Head of State - Aleksandr Chervyakov, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Byelorussia (1920–1937)
    • Premier - Alexander Chervyakov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Byelorussia (1920–1924)
  • Czechoslovakia
    • President - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Edvard Beneš, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1921–1922)
      2. Antonín Švehla, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1922–1926)
  • Danzig (free city under League of Nations protection)
    • High Commissioner - Sir Richard Haking, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1921–1923)
    • Head of State - Heinrich Sahm, President of the Senate of Danzig (1920–1931)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
    • Prime Minister - Niels Neergaard, Prime Minister of Denmark (1920–1924)
  • Estonia
    • Head of State -
      1. Konstantin Päts, State Elder of Estonia (1921–1922)
      2. Juhan Kukk, State Elder of Estonia (1922–1923)
  • Finland
    • President - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, President of Finland (1919–1925)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Juho Vennola, Prime Minister of Finland (1921–1922)
      2. Aimo Cajander, Prime Minister of Finland (1922)
      3. Kyösti Kallio, Prime Minister of Finland (1922–1924)
  • Fiume
    • Head of State -
      1. Riccardo Zanella, President of Fiume (1921–1922)
      2. Committee of National Defense, Head of State of Fiume (1922)
      3. Giovanni Giuriati, Provisional President of Fiume (1922)
      4. Attilio Depoli, Provisional Head of State of Fiume (1922–1923)
  • France
    • President - Alexandre Millerand, President of France (1920–1924)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Aristide Briand, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1921–1922)
      2. Raymond Poincaré, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1922–1924)
  • Georgia
    • became a founder of Transcaucasia on 12 March 1922
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Mamia Orakhelashvili, First secretary of the Georgian Communist Party (1921–1922)
      2. Mikhail Okudzhava, First secretary of the Georgian Communist Party (1922)
      3. Vissarion Lominadze, First secretary of the Georgian Communist Party (1921–1924)
    • Head of State -
      1. Polikarp Mdivani, Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Georgia (1921–1922)
      2. Filipp Makharadze, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia (1922)
      3. Ivan Sturua, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Georgia (1922–1923)
    • Premier -
      1. Polikarp Mdivani, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Georgia (1922)
      2. Sergey Kavtaradze, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Georgia (1922–1923)
  • Germany
    • President - Friedrich Ebert, President of Germany (1919–1925)
    • Chancellor -
      1. Joseph Wirth, Chancellor of Germany (1921–1922)
      2. Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor of Germany (1922–1923)
  • Greece
    • Monarch -
      1. Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (1920–1922)
      2. George II, King of the Hellenes (1922–1924)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Dimitrios Gounaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1921–1922)
      2. Nikolaos Stratos, Prime Minister of Greece (1922)
      3. Petros Protopapadakis, Prime Minister of Greece (1922)
      4. Nikolaos Triantafyllakos, Prime Minister of Greece (1922)
      5. Anastasios Charalambis, Prime Minister of Greece (1922)
      6. Sotirios Krokidas, Prime Minister of Greece (1922)
      7. Stylianos Gonatas, Prime Minister of Greece (1922–1924)
  • Hungary
    • Head of State - Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
    • Prime Minister - Count István Bethlen, Prime Minister of Hungary (1921–1931)
  • Iceland
    • Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Jón Magnússon, Prime Minister of Iceland (1917–1922)
      2. Sigurður Eggerz, Prime Minister of Iceland (1922–1924)
  • Ireland
    • the unrecognized Irish Republic was superseded by the Irish Free State on 6 December 1922
    • President -
      1. Éamon de Valera, President of Ireland (1919–1922)
      2. Arthur Griffith, President of Ireland (1922)
      3. W. T. Cosgrave, President of Ireland (1922)
    • Monarch - George V, King of Ireland (1922–1936)
    • Governor-General - Timothy Michael Healy, Governor-General of Ireland (1922–1928)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Michael Collins, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Ireland (1922)
      2. W. T. Cosgrave, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Ireland (1922–1932)
  • Italy
    • Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Ivanoe Bonomi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1921–1922)
      2. Luigi Facta, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1922)
      3. Benito Mussolini, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1922–1943)
  • Latvia
    • name changed from Latvia to Latvian Republic on 7 November 1922
    • President - Jānis Čakste, President of Latvia (1918–1927)
    • Prime Minister - Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics, Prime Minister of Latvia (1921–1923)
  • Liechtenstein
    • Monarch - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Josef Ospelt, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1921–1922)
      2. Alfons Feger, Provisional Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1922)
      3. Felix Gubelmann, Provisional Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1922)
      4. Gustav Schädler, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1922–1928)
  • Lithuania
    • President - Aleksandras Stulginskis, President of Lithuania (1920–1926)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Kazys Grinius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1920–1922)
      2. Ernestas Galvanauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1922–1924)
    • Central Lithuania (unrecognized state)
      • was annexed by Poland on 18 April 1922
      • Head of State - Lucjan Żeligowski, Head of State of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
      • Head of Government - Aleksander Michal Marian Meysztowicz, Chairman of the Provisional Commission of Government of Central Lithiania (1921–1922)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)
    • Prime Minister - Émile Reuter, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1918–1925)
  • Monaco
    • Monarch -
      1. Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
      2. Louis II, Prince of Monaco (1922–1949)
    • Head of Government - Raymond Le Bourdon, Minister of State of Monaco (1919–1923)
  • Netherlands
    • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
    • Prime Minister - Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1918–1925)
  • Norway
    • Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)
    • Prime Minister - Otto Blehr, Prime Minister of Norway (1921–1923)
  • Poland
    • Head of State -
      1. Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State of Poland (1918–1922)
      2. Gabriel Narutowicz, President of Poland (1922)
      3. Maciej Rataj, Acting President of Poland (1922)
      4. Stanisław Wojciechowski, President of Poland (1922–1926)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Antoni Ponikowski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1921–1922)
      2. Artur Śliwiński, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1922)
      3. Julian Nowak, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1922)
      4. Władysław Sikorski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1922–1923)
  • Portugal
    • President - António José de Almeida, President of Portugal (1919–1923)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Francisco Cunha Leal, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1921–1922)
      2. António Maria da Silva, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1922–1923)
  • Romania
    • Monarch - Ferdinand, King of the Romanians (1914–1927)
    • Premier -
      1. Take Ionescu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1921–1922)
      2. Ion I. C. Brătianu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1922–1926)
  • Russia
    • became a founder of the Soviet Union on 30 December 1922
    • Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1919–1938)
    • Premier - Vladimir Lenin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Russia (1917–1924)
  • San Marino
    • Captains Regent -
      1. Egisto Morri and Giuseppe Lanci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1921–1922)
      2. Eugenio Reffi and Giovanni Arzilli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1922)
      3. Onofrio Fattori and Giuseppe Balducci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1922–1923)
  • Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
    • Monarch - Alexander I, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921–1934)
    • Prime Minister - Nikola Pašić, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921–1924)
  • Soviet Union
    • founded on 30 December 1922
    • Communist Party Leader - Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1953)
    • Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union (1922–1946)
    • Premier - Vladimir Lenin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (1922–1924)
  • Spain
    • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Antonio Maura, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1921–1922)
      2. José Sánchez-Guerra y Martínez, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1922)
      3. Manuel García-Prieto, Marquis of Alhucemas, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1922–1923)
  • Sweden
    • Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
    • Prime Minister - Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden (1921–1923)
  • Switzerland
    • Swiss Federal Council:
      Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935), Robert Haab (1917–1929, President), Ernest Chuard (1919–1928), Karl Scheurer (1919–1929), Jean-Marie Musy (1919–1934), Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934)
  • Transcaucasia
    • created on 12 March 1922, and became a founder of the Soviet Union on 30 December 1922
    • Communist Party Leader - Aleksandr Myasnikyan, First Secretary of the Transcaucasian Communist Party (1922–1925)
    • Head of State - Nariman Narimanov + Polikarp Mdivani + Aleksandr Myasnikyan, Chairmen of the Union Council of Transcaucasia (1922)
    • Premier - Mikhail Tskhakaya, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Transcaucasia (1922–1927)
  • Ukraine
    • became a founder of the Soviet Union on 30 December 1922
    • Communist Party Leader - Dmitry Manuilsky, First Secretary of the Communist Party (1921–1923)
    • Head of State - Grigory Petrovsky, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine (1919–1938)
    • Premier - Christian Rakovsky, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine (1920–1923)
  • United Kingdom
    • Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)
      2. Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1922–1923)

Read more about this topic:  List Of State Leaders In 1922

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