List of State Leaders in 1921 - Europe

Europe

  • Albania
    • Head of State - High Council of Regency, Head of State of Albania (1920–1925)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Iliaz Vrioni, Prime Minister of Albania (1920–1921)
      2. Pandeli Evangjeli, Prime Minister of Albania (1921)
      3. Qazim Koculi, Prime Minister of Albania (1921)
      4. Hasan Prishtina, Prime Minister of Albania (1921)
      5. Idhomene Kosturi, Acting Prime Minister of Albania (1921)
      6. Xhafer Bej Ypi, Prime Minister of Albania (1921–1922)
    • Mirdita (unrecognized state)
      • claimed independence between 17 July to 20 November 1921
      • President - Gjon Markagjoni, President of Mirdita (1921)
  • Andorra
    • Monarchs -
      • French Co-Prince - Alexandre Millerand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1924)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Justí Guitart i Vilardebó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1940)
    • First Syndic - Bonaventura Villarubia, First Syndic of Andorra (1920–1923)
  • Armenia
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Gevork Alikhanyan, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1920–1921)
      2. Sergey Lukashin, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1921–1922)
    • Head of State -
      1. Sarkis Kasyan, Chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee of Armenia (1920–1921)
      2. Aleksandr Myasnikyan, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Armenia (1921–1922)
    • Mountainous Armenia (unrecognized state)
      • claimed independence between 26 April and 13 July 1921
      • Head of State - Garegin Nzhdeh, Commander of Mountainous Armenia (1920–1921)
  • Austria
    • President - Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria (1920–1928)
    • Chancellor -
      1. Michael Mayr, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1920–1921)
      2. Johann Schober, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1921–1922)
  • Azerbaijan
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Grigory Kaminsky, First secretary of the Azerbaijani Communist Party (1920–1921)
      2. Sergey Kirov, First secretary of the Azerbaijani Communist Party (1921–1926)
    • Head of State -
      1. Nariman Narimanov, Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan (1920–1921)
      2. Mukhtar Hajiyev, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Azerbaijan (1921–1922)
    • Premier - Nariman Narimanov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Azerbaijan (1921–1922)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Henri Carton de Wiart, Prime Minister of Belgium (1920–1921)
      2. Georges Theunis, Prime Minister of Belgium (1921–1925)
  • Bulgaria
    • Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
    • Premier - Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1919–1923)
  • Byelorussia
    • Communist Party Leader - Vilgelm Knorinsh, First secretary of the Byelorussian Communist Party (1920–1923)
    • Head of State - Aleksandr Chervyakov, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Byelorussia (1920–1937)
    • Premier - Alexander Chervyakov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Byelorussia (1920–1924)
  • Czechoslovakia
    • President - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Jan Černý, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1920–1921)
      2. Edvard Beneš, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1921–1922)
  • Danzig (free city under League of Nations protection)
    • High Commissioner -
      1. Bernardo Attolico, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1920–1921)
      2. Sir Richard Haking, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1921–1923)
    • Head of State - Heinrich Sahm, President of the Senate of Danzig (1920–1931)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
    • Prime Minister - Niels Neergaard, Prime Minister of Denmark (1920–1924)
  • Estonia
    • Head of State -
      1. Ants Piip, State Elder of Estonia (1920–1921)
      2. Konstantin Päts, State Elder of Estonia (1921–1922)
  • Finland
    • President - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, President of Finland (1919–1925)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Rafael Erich, Prime Minister of Finland (1920–1921)
      2. Juho Vennola, Prime Minister of Finland (1921–1922)
  • Fiume
    • Head of State -
      1. Antonio Grossich, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Fiume (1920–1921)
      2. Riccardo Gigante, President of the Provisional Directory of Fiume (1921)
      3. Salvatore Bellasich, Commissioner Extraordinary of Fiume (1921)
      4. Antonio Foschini, High commissioner of Fiume (1921)
      5. Luigi Amantea, High commissioner of Fiume (1921)
      6. Riccardo Zanella, President of Fiume (1921–1922)
  • France
    • President - Alexandre Millerand, President of France (1920–1924)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Georges Leygues, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1920–1921)
      2. Aristide Briand, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1921–1922)
  • Georgia
    • the Democratic Republic of Georgia was superseded by the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 February 1921
    • Communist Party Leader - Mamia Orakhelashvili, First secretary of the Georgian Communist Party (1921–1922)
    • Head of State -
      1. Nikolay Chkheidze, Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919–1921)
      2. Polikarp Mdivani, Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of Georgia (1921–1922)
    • Prime Minister - Noe Zhordania, Prime Minister of Georgia (1918–1921)
  • Germany
    • President - Friedrich Ebert, President of Germany (1919–1925)
    • Chancellor -
      1. Constantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of Germany (1920–1921)
      2. Joseph Wirth, Chancellor of Germany (1921–1922)
  • Greece
    • Monarch - Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (1920–1922)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Dimitrios Rallis, Prime Minister of Greece (1920–1921)
      2. Nikolaos Kalogeropoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (1921)
      3. Dimitrios Gounaris, Prime Minister of Greece (1921–1922)
  • Hungary
    • Head of State - Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Count Pál Teleki, Prime Minister of Hungary (1920–1911)
      2. Count István Bethlen, Prime Minister of Hungary (1921–1931)
    • Baranya-Baja (unrecognized state)
      • claimed independence between 14 to 20 August 1921
      • Head of State - Petar Dobrović, President of the Executive Committee of Hungarian-Serbian Baranya Republic (1921)
    • Lajtabánság (unrecognized state)
      • claimed independence between 4 October to 5 November 1921
      • Head of State - Pál Prónay, Leader of Lajtabánság (1921)
  • Iceland
    • Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
    • Prime Minister - Jón Magnússon, Prime Minister of Iceland (1917–1922)
  • Italy
    • Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Giovanni Giolitti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1920–1921)
      2. Ivanoe Bonomi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1921–1922)
  • Latvia
    • Head of State - Jānis Čakste, President of the Constituent Assembly of Latvia (1918–1927)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1918–1921)
      2. Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics, Prime Minister of Latvia (1921–1923)
  • Liechtenstein
    • Monarch - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Joseph Peer, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1920–1921)
      2. Josef Ospelt, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1921–1922)
  • Lithuania
    • President - Aleksandras Stulginskis, President of Lithuania (1920–1926)
    • Prime Minister - Kazys Grinius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1920–1922)
    • Central Lithuania (unrecognized state)
      • Head of State - Lucjan Żeligowski, Head of State of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
      • Head of Government -
        1. Witold Abramowicz, Chairman of the Provisional Commission of Government of Central Lithiania (1920–1921)
        2. Stefan Mokrzecki, Acting Chairman of the Provisional Commission of Government of Central Lithiania (1921)
        3. Aleksander Michal Marian Meysztowicz, Chairman of the Provisional Commission of Government of Central Lithiania (1921–1922)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)
    • Prime Minister - Émile Reuter, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1918–1925)
  • Monaco
    • Monarch - Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
    • Head of Government - Raymond Le Bourdon, Minister of State of Monaco (1919–1923)
  • Netherlands
    • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
    • Prime Minister - Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1918–1925)
  • Norway
    • Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Otto Bahr Halvorsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1920–1921)
      2. Otto Blehr, Prime Minister of Norway (1921–1923)
  • Poland
    • Head of State - Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State of Poland (1918–1922)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Wincenty Witos, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1920–1921)
      2. Antoni Ponikowski, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1921–1922)
  • Portugal
    • President - António José de Almeida, President of Portugal (1919–1923)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Liberato Pinto, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920–1921)
      2. Bernardino Machado, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1921)
      3. Tomé de Barros Queirós, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1921)
      4. António Granjo, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1921)
      5. Manuel Maria Coelho, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1921)
      6. Carlos Maia Pinto, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1921)
      7. Francisco Cunha Leal, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1921–1922)
  • Romania
    • Monarch - Ferdinand, King of the Romanians (1914–1927)
    • Premier -
      1. Alexandru Averescu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1920–1921)
      2. Take Ionescu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1921–1922)
  • Russia
    • Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1919–1946)
    • Premier - Vladimir Lenin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Russia (1917–1924)
  • San Marino
    • Captains Regent -
      1. Carlo Balsimelli and Simone Michelotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1920–1921)
      2. Marino Della Balda and Vincenzo Francini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1921)
      3. Egisto Morri and Giuseppe Lanci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1921–1922)
  • Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
    • Monarch -
      1. Peter I, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1903–1921)
      2. Alexander I, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921–1934)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Milenko Radomar Vesnić, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1920–1921)
      2. Nikola Pašić, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1921–1924)
  • Spain
    • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Eduardo Dato e Iradier, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1920–1921)
      2. Gabino Bugallal Araújo, Count of Bugallal, Acting President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1921)
      3. Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1921)
      4. Antonio Maura, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1921–1922)
  • Sweden
    • Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Gerhard Louis De Geer, Prime Minister of Sweden (1920–1921)
      2. Oscar von Sydow, Prime Minister of Sweden (1921)
      3. Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden (1921–1923)
  • Switzerland
    • Swiss Federal Council:
      Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935, President), Robert Haab (1917–1929), Ernest Chuard (1919–1928), Karl Scheurer (1919–1929), Jean-Marie Musy (1919–1934), Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934)
  • Ukraine
    • Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
      • Communist Party Leader -
        1. Vyacheslav Molotov, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1920–1921)
        2. Feliks Kon, Executive Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1921)
        3. Dmitry Manuilsky, First Secretary of the Communist Party (1921–1923)
      • Head of State - Grigory Petrovsky, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine (1919–1938)
      • Premier - Christian Rakovsky, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine (1920–1923)
    • Ukrainian People's Republic
      • absorbed by Soviet Ukraine on 7 May 1921
      • Head of State - Symon Petliura, Chairman of the Directory of Ukraine (1919–1921)
  • United Kingdom
    • Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
    • Prime Minister - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)
    • Ireland (unrecognized state)
      • President - Éamon de Valera, President of Ireland (1919–1922)

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