North America and The Caribbean
- Canada
- Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Canada (1837–1901)
- Governor General -
- Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, Governor-General of Canada (1872–1878)
- Marquess of Lorne, Governor-General of Canada (1878–1883)
- Prime Minister - John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada (1867–1891)
- Costa Rica - Tomás Guardia Gutiérrez, President of Costa Rica (1877–1882)
- Dominican Republic -
- Buenaventura Báez, President of the Dominican Republic (1876–1878)
- Cesáreo Guillermo, President of the Dominican Republic (1878)
- Ignacio María González, President of the Dominican Republic (1878)
- People's Military Chiefs (1878)
- Jacinto del Rosario de Castro, acting President of the Dominican Republic (1878)
- Council of Secretaries of State (1878–1879)
- El Salvador - Rafael Zaldívar, President of El Salvador (1876–1885)
- Guatemala - Justo Rufino Barrios, President of Guatemala (1873–1885)
- Haiti - Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal, President of Haiti (1876–1879)
- Honduras - Marco Aurelio Soto, President of Honduras (1876–1883)
- Mexico - Porfirio Diaz, President of Mexico (1876–1880)
- Nicaragua - Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Alfaro, President of Nicaragua (1875–1879)
- United States - Rutherford B. Hayes, President of the United States (1877–1881)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1878
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“The compulsion to do good is an innate American trait. Only North Americans seem to believe that they always should, may, and actually can choose somebody with whom to share their blessings. Ultimately this attitude leads to bombing people into the acceptance of gifts.”
—Ivan Illich (b. 1926)
“The discovery of the North Pole is one of those realities which could not be avoided. It is the wages which human perseverance pays itself when it thinks that something is taking too long. The world needed a discoverer of the North Pole, and in all areas of social activity, merit was less important here than opportunity.”
—Karl Kraus (18741936)
“If violence is wrong in America, violence is wrong abroad. If it is wrong to be violent defending black women and black children and black babies and black men, then it is wrong for America to draft us, and make us violent abroad in defense of her. And if it is right for America to draft us, and teach us how to be violent in defense of her, then it is right for you and me to do whatever is necessary to defend our own people right here in this country.”
—Malcolm X (19251965)
“It is a curious thing to be a woman in the Caribbean after you have been a woman in these United States.”
—Zora Neale Hurston (18911960)