List of State Leaders in 1660 - Europe

Europe

  • Denmark-Norway - Frederick III, King of Denmark and King of Norway (1648–1670)
  • England
    1. Richard Cromwell - Lord Protector (1558–1660)
    2. Charles II, King of England (1660–1685)
  • France - Louis XIV, King of France (1643–1715)
  • Holy Roman Empire - Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658–1705)
    • Bremen, Duchy -
      1. Charles X Gustav of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken), Duke of Bremen (1654–1660)
      2. Charles XI of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken), Duke of Bremen (1660–1697)
    • Savoy - Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy (1638–1675)
    • Tuscany - Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1621–1670)
    • Verden, Principality -
      1. Charles X Gustav of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken), Prince of Verden (1654–1660)
      2. Charles XI of Sweden (House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken), Prince of Verden (1660–1697)
  • Ottoman ( Turkish ) Empire
    • Sultan- Mehmet IV, the Hunter, Ottoman Sultan (1648–1687)
    • Grand vizier - Köprülü Mehmet Pasha (1565–1561)
  • Portugal - Afonso VI, King of Portugal (1656–1667)
  • Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth - Jan II Kazimierz Vasa, King of Poland (1648–1668)
  • Russia - Alexis I, Tsar of Russia (1645–1676)
  • Spain - Philip IV, King of Spain (1621–1665)
  • Sweden -
    1. Charles X Gustav, King of Sweden (1654–1660)
    2. Charles XI, King of Sweden (1660–1697)
  • United Provinces
    • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
    • Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan de Witt (1653–1672)

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