Europe
- Kingdom of Aragon - Alfonso V (1416–1458)
- Kingdom of Bohemia - Ladislaus Pohrobek (1453–1457)
- Kingdom of Bosnia - Stephen Thomas (1443–1461)
- Duchy of Burgundy - Philip III, the Good (1419–1467)
- Byzantine Empire - Constantine XI Palaeologus (1449–1453)
- Crown of Castile - John II (1406–1454)
- Crimean Khanate - Hacı I Giray (1449–1466)
- Kingdom of Cyprus - John II (1432–1458)
- Kingdom of Denmark - Christian I (1448–1481)
- Kingdom of England - Henry VI (1422–1461 and 1470–1471)
- Despotate of Epirus - Leonardo III Tocco (1448–1479)
- Marquisate of Ferrara - Borso d'Este (1450–1471)
- Republic of Florence - Cosimo de' Medici (1434–1464)
- Kingdom of France - Charles VII (1422–1461)
- Republic of Genoa - Pietro Fregoso, Doge of Genoa (1450–1458)
- Holy Roman Empire - Frederick III (1452–1493)
- Kingdom of Hungary - Ladislaus V (1440–1457)
- Grand Duchy of Lithuania - Casimir IV Jagiellon (1440–1492)
- Marquisate of Mantua - Ludovico II Gonzaga (1444–1478)
- Duchy of Milan - Francesco I Sforza (1450–1466)
- Duchy of Modena and Reggio - Borso d'Este (1452–1471)
- Principality of Moldavia - Alexăndrel (1452–1454, 1455)
- Marquisate of Montferrat - John IV (1445–1464)
- Despotate of Morea - Demetrios Palaiologos (1449–1460) and Thomas Palaiologos (1428–1460)
- Grand Duchy of Moscow - Vasily II (1425–1462)
- Kingdom of Naples - Alfonso I (1442–1458)
- Kingdom of Navarre - John II the Great (1425–1479)
- Kingdom of Norway - Christian I (1450–1481)
- Novgorod Republic - Vasily Vasil'evich (1425–1462)
- Ottoman Empire - Mehmet II, the Conqueror, Ottoman Sultan (1451–1481)
- Papal States - Pope Nicholas V (1447–1455)
- Lordship of Piombino - Emanuele Appiani (1451–1457)
- Kingdom of Poland - Casimir IV Jagiellon (1440–1492)
- Kingdom of Portugal - Afonso V (1438–1481)
- Qasim Khanate - Qasim Khan (1452–1468)
- Knights of Rhodes - Grand Master Jean de Lastic (1437–1454)
- Marquisate of Saluzzo - Ludovico I (1416–1475)
- Kingdom of Sardinia - Alfonso I (1416–1458)
- Duchy of Savoy - Louis I (1440–1465)
- Kingdom of Scotland - James II (1437–1460)
- Serbian Despotate - Đurađ Branković (1427–1456)
- Kingdom of Sicily - Alfonso I (1416–1458)
- Kingdom of Sweden - Karl Knutsson (1448–1470)
- State of the Teutonic Order - Grand Master Ludwig von Erlichshausen (1450–1467)
- Duchy of Urbino - Federico da Montefeltro (1444–1482)
- Republic of Venice - Francesco Foscari, Doge of Venice (1423–1457)
- Principality of Wallachia - Vladislav II (1447–1456)
- Lordship of Zeta - Stefan I Crnojević (1451–1465)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1453
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“That land is like an Eagle, whose young gaze
Feeds on the noontide beam, whose golden plume
Floats moveless on the storm, and in the blaze
Of sunrise gleams when Earth is wrapped in gloom;
An epitaph of glory for the tomb
Of murdered Europe may thy fame be made,
Great People! as the sands shalt thou become;
Thy growth is swift as morn, when night must fade;
The multitudinous Earth shall sleep beneath thy shade.”
—Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822)
“The people of Western Europe are facing this summer a series of tragic dilemmas. Of the hopes that dazzled the last twenty years that some political movement might tend to the betterment of the human lot, little remains above ground but the tattered slogans of the past.”
—John Dos Passos (1896–1970)
“The heritage of the American Revolution is forgotten, and the American government, for better and for worse, has entered into the heritage of Europe as though it were its patrimony—unaware, alas, of the fact that Europe’s declining power was preceded and accompanied by political bankruptcy, the bankruptcy of the nation-state and its concept of sovereignty.”
—Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)