Nineteenth Century
- Austria and Prussia after French Napoleonic or French client state occupation of parts of their territories.
- The Duchy of Warsaw and Congress Poland, from 1807 to 1831 under French and Russian hegemony, respectively.
- Portugal during its Napoleonic partition under the Treaty of Fontainebleau from November 1807 to August 1808 and with renewed French aggression from March to June 1809 and during much of 1810.
- Denmark after its granting of independence to Norway in January 1814, which Sweden took control of in August 1814 . See also Norway in 1814.
- The Kingdom of Saxony after its loss of 40% of its area to Prussia in the Congress of Vienna, until its 1871 incorporation into the German Empire.
- Muscat and Oman from the early 1820s, because of the progressive loss of possessions in the Persian Gulf, Zanzibar, the Indian Ocean coast of Africa, and Baluchistan to the British as well as Germany, Portugal, France, and Italy, until the formation of the British protectorate of 1891.
- Myanmar because of British aggression from 1824 until its conquest in 1886 . See also First Anglo-Burmese War, Second Anglo-Burmese War, and Third Anglo-Burmese War.
- Morocco because of French aggression from 1830 until its conquest in 1912.
- Colombia after Venezuela and Ecuador seceded from Greater Colombia in 1831, and more so after Panama seceded in 1904. (map)
- Mexico after the progressive loss of almost half of its area to United States interests from 1836 to 1848 and during the French invasion of the Pastry War in 1838 and early 1839. See also Texas Revolution, Mexican-American War, and the Gadsden Purchase of 1854.
- The Khanate of Khiva from the mid-19th century until its Russian conquest in 1873.
- The Papal States (map) from 1860, and particularly Vatican City as their successor after the Unification of Italy in 1871.
- The United States during the American Civil War, due to the secession of the Southern United States to form the Confederate States of America.
- Denmark after its loss of Schleswig-Holstein to the Prussian (later German) Empire after the Second War of Schleswig in 1864.
- Siam from 1867, because of progressive territorial losses in Cambodia and Laos to the French.
- Honduras from the Guatemalan invasion and overthrow of José María Medina in 1876 until 1891.
- Paraguay, after losing vital territory to Argentina and Brazil, as well as having lost the majority of its population, in the Paraguayan War in 1870 until winning the Chaco War in 1935.
Read more about this topic: List Of Rump States
Famous quotes related to nineteenth century:
“Of the creative spirits that flourished in Concord, Massachusetts, during the middle of the nineteenth century, it might be said that Hawthorne loved men but felt estranged from them, Emerson loved ideas even more than men, and Thoreau loved himself.”
—Leon Edel (b. 1907)
“In the nineteenth century the problem was that God is dead; in the twentieth century the problem is that man is dead.”
—Erich Fromm (1900–1980)
“I delight to come to my bearings,... not to live in this restless, nervous, bustling, trivial Nineteenth Century, but stand or sit thoughtfully while it goes by.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“There is one great fact, characteristic of this our nineteenth century, a fact which no party dares deny. On the one hand, there have started into life industrial and scientific forces which no epoch of former human history had ever suspected. On the other hand, there exist symptoms of decay, far surpassing the horrors recorded of the latter times of the Roman empire. In our days everything seems pregnant with its contrary.”
—Karl Marx (1818–1883)
“Detachment is the prerogative of an elite; and as the dandy is the nineteenth century’s surrogate for the aristocrat in matters of culture, so Camp is the modern dandyism. Camp is the answer to the problem: how to be a dandy in the age of mass culture.”
—Susan Sontag (b. 1933)