List of Rump States - Early Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages

• The Kingdom of Asturias after the secession of the Kingdom of Navarre in the mid-9th century until its conquest by Navarre in the early 10th century.
• Tibet from the mid-9th century, after it lost the majority of its land area (to the north and west as well as Myanmar) in the aftermath of a civil war.
• Wessex and Mercia from 871, because of the Danish invasion and creation of the Danelaw, until Edward the Elder of Wessex took control of most of England in 918. (Map)
• The Khazar Empire from the late 9th century until its liquidation by Kievan Rus' and the Pechenegs in 969. See also Caspian expeditions of the Rus.
• Scotland, because of Norse raids from the late 9th century until the Treaty of Perth in 1266 (map), particularly during its tributary period and loss of its southern lands to the Angevin Empire under the Treaty of Falaise from 1174 to 1189.
• The Rashtrakuta Empire of India from c. 895 to 914.
• The Abbasid Caliphate from the 11th century until its destruction by Hulagu Khan in 1258.
• Danube Bulgaria in the 11th and 12th centuries, and in the 14th century until its Ottoman conquest .
• Volga Bulgaria from the 11th century until its Mongol conquest in 1241. (Map)