List of Galaxies - Farthest Galaxies

Farthest Galaxies

See also: List of most distant astronomical objects

Most Remote Galaxies by Type

Title	Galaxy	Date	Distance	Notes
Most remote galaxy candidate	MACS0647-JD	2012	z=10.8
Most remote galaxy	UDFj-39546284	2011	z=10.3
Most remote normal galaxy	UDFy-38135539	2010	z=8.55
Most remote quasar	ULAS J1120+0641	2011	z=7.085	This is the undisputed most remote quasar of any type, and the first with a redshift beyond 7. Further information: List of quasars
Most distant non-quasar SMG	Baby Boom Galaxy (EQ J100054+023435)	2008	z=4.547
grand-design spiral galaxy	Q2343-BX442	2012	z=2.18

Most Remote Galaxy Record-holders

Galaxy	Date	Distance	Notes
UDFj-39546284	2011 -	z=10.3	This was the remotest object known at time of discovery.
UDFy-38135539	2010 − 2011	z=8.55	This was the remotest object known at time of discovery. It exceeded the distance of IOK-1 and GRB 090423
IOK-1	2006 − 2010	z=6.96	This was the remotest object known at time of discovery. In 2009, gamma ray burst GRB 090423 was discovered at z=8.2, taking the title of most distant object. The next galaxy to hold the title also succeeded GRB 090423, that being UDFy-38135539.
SDF J132522.3+273520	2005 − 2006	z=6.597	This was the remotest object known at time of discovery.
SDF J132418.3+271455	2003 − 2005	z=6.578	This was the remotest object known at time of discovery.
HCM-6A	2002 − 2003	z=6.56	This was the remotest object known at time of discovery. The galaxy is lensed by galaxy cluster Abell 370. This was the first galaxy, as opposed to quasar, found to exceed redshift 6. It exceeded the redshift of quasar SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0 of z=6.28
SSA22−HCM1	1999 − 2002	z=5.74	This was the remotest object known at time of discovery. In 2000, the quasar SDSSp J104433.04-012502.2 was discovered at z=5.82, becoming the most remote object in the universe known. This was followed by another quasar, SDSSp J103027.10+052455.0 in 2001, the first object exceeding redshift 6, at z=6.28
HDF 4-473.0	1998 − 1999	z=5.60	This was the remotest object known at the time of discovery.
RD1 (0140+326 RD1)	1998	z=5.34	This was the remotest object known at time of discovery. This was the first object found beyond redshift 5.
CL 1358+62 G1 & CL 1358+62 G2	1997 − 1998	z=4.92	These were the remotest objects known at the time of discovery. The pair of galaxies were found lensed by galaxy cluster CL1358+62 (z=0.33). This was the first time since 1964 that something other than a quasar held the record for being the most distant object in the universe. It exceeded the mark set by quasar PC 1247-3406 at z=4.897
From 1964 to 1997, the title of most distant object in the universe were held by a succession of quasars. That list is available at list of quasars.
8C 1435+63	1994 − 1997	z=4.25	This is a radio galaxy. At the time of its discovery, quasar PC 1247-3406 at z=4.73, discovered in 1991 was the most remote object known. This was the last radio galaxy to hold the title of most distant galaxy. This was the first galaxy, as opposed to quasar, that was found beyond redshift 4.
4C 41.17	1990 − 1994	z=3.792	This is a radio galaxy. At the time of its discovery, quasar PC 1158+4635, discovered in 1989, was the most remote object known, at z=4.73 In 1991, quasar PC 1247-3406, became the most remote object known, at z=4.897
1 Jy 0902+343 (GB6 B0902+3419, B2 0902+34)	1988 − 1990	z=3.395	This is a radio galaxy. At the time of discovery, quasar Q0051-279 at z=4.43, discovered in 1987, was the most remote object known. In 1989, quasar PC 1158+4635 was discovered at z=4.73, making it the most remote object known. This was the first galaxy discovered above redshift 3. It was also the first galaxy found above redshift 2.
3C 256	1984 − 1988	z=1.819	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar PKS 2000-330, at z=3.78, found in 1982.
3C 241	1984	z=1.617	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar PKS 2000-330, at z=3.78, found in 1982.
3C 324	1983 − 1984	z=1.206	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar PKS 2000-330, at z=3.78, found in 1982.
3C 65	1982 − 1983	z=1.176	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar OQ172, at z=3.53, found in 1974. In 1982, quasar PKS 2000-330 at z=3.78 became the most remote object.
3C 368	1982	z=1.132	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar OQ172, at z=3.53, found in 1974.
3C 252	1981 − 1982	z=1.105	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar OQ172, at z=3.53, found in 1974.
3C 6.1	1979 -	z=0.840	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar OQ172, at z=3.53, found in 1974.
3C 318	1976 -	0.752	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar OQ172, at z=3.53, found in 1974.
3C 411	1975 -	0.469	This is a radio galaxy. At the time, the most remote object was quasar OQ172, at z=3.53, found in 1974.
From 1964 to 1997, the title of most distant object in the universe were held by a succession of quasars. That list is available at list of quasars.
3C 295	1960 -	z=0.461	This is a radio galaxy. This was the remotest object known at time of discovery of its redshift. This was the last non-quasar to hold the title of most distant object known until 1997. In 1964, quasar 3C 147 became the most distant object in the universe known.
LEDA 25177 (MCG+01-23-008)	1951 − 1960	z=0.2 (V=61000 km/s)	This galaxy lies in the Hydra Supercluster. It is located at B1950.0 08h 55m 4s +03° 21′ and is the BCG of the fainter Hydra Cluster Cl 0855+0321 (ACO 732).
LEDA 51975 (MCG+05-34-069)	1936 -	z=0.13 (V=39000 km/s)	The brightest cluster galaxy of the Bootes cluster (ACO 1930), an elliptical galaxy at B1950.0 14h 30m 6s +31° 46′ apparent magnitude 17.8, was found by Milton L. Humason in 1936 to have a 40,000 km/s recessional redshift velocity.
LEDA 20221 (MCG+06-16-021)	1932 -	z=0.075 (V=23000 km/s)	This is the BCG of the Gemini Cluster (ACO 568) and was located at B1950.0 07h 05m 0s +35° 04′
BCG of WMH Christie's Leo Cluster	1931 − 1932	z= (V=19700 km/s)
BCG of Baede's Ursa Major Cluster	1930 − 1931	z= (V=11700 km/s)
NGC 4860	1929 − 1930	z=0.026 (V=7800 km/s)
NGC 7619	1929	z=0.012 (V=3779 km/s)	Using redshift measurements, NGC 7619 was the highest at the time of measurement. At the time of announcement, it was not yet accepted as a general guide to distance, however, later in the year, Edwin Hubble described redshift in relation to distance, leading to a seachange, and having this being accepted as an inferred distance.
NGC 584 (Dreyer nebula 584)	1921 − 1929	z=0.006 (V=1800 km/s)	At the time, nebula had yet to be accepted as independent galaxies. However, in 1923, galaxies were generally recognized as external to the Milky Way.
M104 (NGC 4594)	1913 − 1921	z=0.004 (V=1180 km/s)	This was the second galaxy whose redshift was determined; the first being Andromeda - which is approaching us and thus cannot have its redshift used to infer distance. Both were measured by Vesto Melvin Slipher. At this time, nebula had yet to be accepted as independent galaxies. NGC 4594 was originally measured as 1000 km/s, then refined to 1100, and then to 1180 in 1916.
M81	antiquity - 20th century antiquity - 1913 (based on redshift) antiquity - 1930 (based on Cepheids)	11.8 Mly (z=-0.10)	This is the lower bound, as it is remotest galaxy observable with the naked-eye. It is 12 million light-years away. Redshift cannot be used to infer distance, because it's moving toward us faster than cosmological expansion.
Messier 101	1930 -		Using the pre-1950s Cepheid measurements, M101 was one of the most distant so measured.
Triangulum Galaxy	1924–1930		In 1924, Edwin Hubble announced the distance to M33 Triangulum.
Andromeda Galaxy	1923–1924		In 1923, Edwin Hubble measured the distance to Andromeda, and settled the question whether there were galaxies, or was everything in the Milky Way.
Small Magellanic Cloud	1913–1923		This was the first intergalactic distance measured. In 1913, Ejnar Hertzsprung measures the distance to SMC using Cepheid variables.

• A1689-zD1, discovered in 2008, with z=7.6, does not appear on this list because it has not been confirmed with a spectroscopic redshift.

• Abell 68 c1 and Abell 2219 c1, discovered in 2007, with z=9, do not appear on this list because they have not been confirmed.

• IOK4 and IOK5, discovered in 2007, with z=7, do not appear on this list because they have not been confirmed with a spectroscopic redshift.

• Abell 1835 IR1916, discovered in 2004, with z=10.0, does not appear on this list because its claimed redshift is disputed. Some follow-up observations have failed to find the object at all.

• STIS 123627+621755, discovered in 1999, with z=6.68, does not appear on this list because its redshift was based on an erroneous interpretation of an oxygen emission line as a hydrogen emission line.

• BR1202-0725 LAE, discovered in 1998 at z=5.64 does not appear on the list because it was not definitively pinned. BR1202-0725 (QSO 1202-07) refers to a quasar that the Lyman alpha emitting galaxy is near. The quasar itself lies at z=4.6947

• BR2237-0607 LA1 and BR2237-0607 LA2 were found at z=4.55 while investigating around the quasar BR2237-0607 in 1996. Neither of these appear on the list because they were not definitively pinned down at the time. The quasar itself lies at z=4.558

• Two absorption dropouts in the spectrum of quasar BR 1202-07 (QSO 1202-0725, BRI 1202-0725, BRI1202-07) were found, one in early 1996, another later in 1996. Neither of these appear on the list because they were not definitively pinned down at the time. The early one was at z=4.38, the later one at z=4.687, the quasar itself lies at z=4.695

• In 1986, a gravitationally lensed galaxy forming a blue arc was found lensed by galaxy cluster CL 2224-02 (C12224 in some references). However, its redshift was only determined in 1991, at z=2.237, by which time, it would no longer be the most distant galaxy.

• An absorption drop was discovered in 1985 in the light spectrum of quasar PKS 1614+051 at z=3.21 This does not appear on the list because it was not definitively fixed down. At the time, it was claimed to be the first non-QSO galaxy found beyond redshift 3. The quasar itself is at z=3.197

• In 1975, 3C 123 was incorrectly determined to lie at z=0.637 (actually z=0.218)

• From 1964 to 1997, the title of most distant object in the universe were held by a succession of quasars. That list is available at list of quasars.

• In 1958, cluster Cl 0024+1654 and Cl 1447+2619 were estimated to have redshifts of z=0.29 and z=0.35 respectively. However, no galaxy was spectroscopically determined.